Classification. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Epidemiology. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource ACEP Now April 14, 2020, This page was last edited 19:56, 12 January 2021 by, http://radiopaedia.org/articles/weber_ankle_fracture_classification, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=12595378, https://www.acepnow.com/article/tips-for-managing-weber-b-ankle-fractures/?singlepage=1, https://www.wikem.org/w/index.php?title=Ankle_fracture&oldid=292390, Examine for ecchymoses, abrasions, or swelling, 4 sensation distributions: saphenous nerve (medial mal), superficial fib (lat mal), sural nerve (lateral 5th digit), deep fib (1st web space), Note skin integrity and areas of tenderness or crepitus over ankle, Range joint passively and actively to evaluate for stability, Perform anterior drawer test (positive exam suggests torn ATFL), Perform a crossed-leg test to detect syndesmotic injury, Palpate midfoot and base of 5th metatarsal for tenderness, AP: Best for isolated lateral and medial malleolar fractures, Best for evaluating for unstable fracture or soft tissue injury, At a point 1 cm proximal to tibial plafond space between tib/fib should be 6mm, Lateral: Best for posterior malleolar fractures, Consider proximal tib/fib films and talus fractures, System based on level of the fibular fracture and characterizes stability of fracture, Tibial plafond and the two malleoli is referred to as the ankle "mortise" (or talar mortise), Fibula fracture below ankle joint/distal to plafond, Usually stable: occasionally requires ORIF, Fibula fracture at the level of the ankle joint/at the plafond, Can extend superiorly and laterally up fibula, Tibiofibular syndesmosis intact or only partially torn, No widening of the distal tibiofibular articulation, Use gravity or weight bearing stress X-rays to determine stability, Fibula fracture above the level of the ankle joint/proximal to plafond, Tibiofibular syndesmosis disrupted with widening of the distal tibiofibular articulation, Neurovascular compromise from fracture requires emergent reduction and/or orthopedic intervention, Stable, nondisplaced, isolated malleolar fracture: Splint or cast, early wt bearing, RICE, Unstable or displaced fracture: Requires ORIF, ortho consult, reduce and splint, If stable (see Weber classification) treat like severe, Signs of medial (deltoid) ligament disruption such as medial swelling, ecchymosis, or TTP, Widening of medial clear space (suggests deltoid ligament injury), Immediate reduction or ortho consult in ED. Jones fracture. They have different prognosis and treatment depending on the location of the fracture. The superficial layer has variable attachments and crosses two joints while the deep layer has talar attachments and crosses one joint: Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. Jones fracture. Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource more: Jones fracture. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Gaillard F, Lustosa L, Murphy A, et al. The complex of the medial collateral ligaments of the ankle joint is collectively called deltoid ligament.It attaches the medial malleolus to multiple tarsal bones. They are distinct from a lateral condyle fracture which is a very different fracture despite the similar name. Vertical fracture through the distal tibial epiphysis (Salter-Harris III) with a horizontal extension through the lateral aspect of the physis. As a historical note, there are four methods of judicial hanging, and the process is more complicated than may be evident at first glance. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border They are distinct from a lateral condyle fracture which is a very different fracture despite the similar name. It comprises of: a vertical fracture through the epiphysis; a horizontal fracture through the physis; an oblique fracture through the metaphysis The fractures involve the medial malleolus, the posterior aspect of the tibial plafond (referred to as the posterior malleolus) and the lateral malleolus. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. more: Jones fracture. Phalanx fractures are common injuries, although less common than metacarpal fractures. high risk of nonunion. Strictly speaking, the fracture is misnamed and should more correctly be called "hangee" fracture. They may represent an isolated tendinous injury or occur in combination with an avulsion fracture of the dorsal base of the distal phalanx. Common symptoms include tenderness and swelling at the site of injury and the top of your foot. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: Gaillard F, Lustosa L, Murphy A, et al. Vertical fracture through the distal tibial epiphysis (Salter-Harris III) with a horizontal extension through the lateral aspect of the physis. calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture. Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. Plain radiograph. This page is for adult patients. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. They are distinct from a lateral condyle fracture which is a very different fracture despite the similar name. Terminology. Examples include: Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1; hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2; dens fracture; flexion teardrop fracture: unstable flexion fracture; extension teardrop fracture: stable injury fracture through the physis Mallet finger refers to injuries of the extensor mechanism of the finger at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP).They are the most prevalent finger tendon injury in sport. The fractures involve the medial malleolus, the posterior aspect of the tibial plafond (referred to as the posterior malleolus) and the lateral malleolus. On plain film, dorsal avulsion injuries are best detected on a lateral projection, where typically an avulsed flake of bone is identified lying posteriorly to the triquetral bone (see pooping duck sign). Intimate partner violence should be considered in patients where the clinical details do not match the fracture, or the injury occurs in an intimate setting 7. Pathology Nasal bone fractures, when isolated, are most commonly displaced fractures of one of the paired nasal bones. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Terminology. Having three parts, this is a more unstable fracture and may be associated with ligamentous injury. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. transverse fracture through diaphysis. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth Epidemiology Fractures of the sternum are seen in between 3-6.8% of all motor vehicle collisions 1. The ligament is composed of two layers. Intimate partner violence should be considered in patients where the clinical details do not match the fracture, or the injury occurs in an intimate setting 7. The term is sometimes used to describe intra-articular fractures with Lisfranc injury. Sternal fractures occur in ~5% of blunt chest trauma with the manubrium being the most commonly injured part. Practical points. Lisfranc injury. Classification. Lisfranc injuries, also called Lisfranc fracture-dislocations, are the most common type of dislocation involving the foot and correspond to the dislocation of the articulation of the tarsus with the metatarsal bases. Epidemiology On plain film, dorsal avulsion injuries are best detected on a lateral projection, where typically an avulsed flake of bone is identified lying posteriorly to the triquetral bone (see pooping duck sign). The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. extra-articular lover fracture (or Casanova fracture) Classification. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. Lateral malleolar fracture with deltoid injury OR bimalleolar OR trimalleolar fracture Bimalleolar fracture and right ankle dislocation on X-ray (anteroposterior). Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Classification. Examples include: Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1; hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2; dens fracture; flexion teardrop fracture: unstable flexion fracture; extension teardrop fracture: stable injury CT or MR may be more sensitive than conventional radiographs for detection of avulsion injuries. The complex of the medial collateral ligaments of the ankle joint is collectively called deltoid ligament.It attaches the medial malleolus to multiple tarsal bones. Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular Dorsal avulsion fracture. These fractures are avulsion fractions of the ossification center of the lateral condyle, and as such are sometimes referred to as a lateral epicondyle avulsion fracture; either term is acceptable. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. extra-articular lover fracture (or Casanova fracture) This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Almost invariably, if the fracture involves a paranasal sinus, middle ear or mastoid air cells, then they will contain some blood, which is a helpful clue to the presence of an underlying fracture. Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture.. Epidemiology Fractures of the sternum are seen in between 3-6.8% of all motor vehicle collisions 1. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. The term is sometimes used to describe intra-articular fractures with When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. The lack of a metaphyseal fracture component in the coronal plane (evaluated with lateral x-ray or CT) distinguishes a Tillaux fracture from a triplanar fracture. Plain radiograph. Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process Classification. Pathology Mechanism. Anderson and D'Alonzo Practical points Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). transverse fracture through diaphysis. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth Mallet finger refers to injuries of the extensor mechanism of the finger at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP).They are the most prevalent finger tendon injury in sport. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. intra-articular glenoid fracture. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. forced inversion of plantarflexed foot. Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture.. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as The superficial layer has variable attachments and crosses two joints while the deep layer has talar attachments and crosses one joint: Symptoms of a Lisfranc fracture depend on the severity of the injury. They have different prognosis and treatment depending on the location of the fracture. fracture through the physis Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource There are two classification systems 5,6. They have different prognosis and treatment depending on the location of the fracture. base of 5 th metatarsal fracture. Classification. fracture through the physis Anderson and D'Alonzo Classification. Differential diagnosis Strictly speaking, the fracture is misnamed and should more correctly be called "hangee" fracture. A Hill-Sachs defect is the terminology of preference over other terms, such as Hill-Sachs lesions, and Hill-Sachs fractures 14.. Repeat dislocations lead to larger defects, which can result in an "engaging" Hill-Sachs defect, which engages the anterior glenoid when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated 4 (see article: on-track and off-track shoulder Most authors regard it as a type 4 Salter-Harris fracture. Having three parts, this is a more unstable fracture and may be associated with ligamentous injury. Treatment and prognosis The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. A Hill-Sachs defect is the terminology of preference over other terms, such as Hill-Sachs lesions, and Hill-Sachs fractures 14.. Repeat dislocations lead to larger defects, which can result in an "engaging" Hill-Sachs defect, which engages the anterior glenoid when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated 4 (see article: on-track and off-track shoulder It comprises of: a vertical fracture through the epiphysis; a horizontal fracture through the physis; an oblique fracture through the metaphysis In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. The ligament is composed of two layers. Lateral malleolar fracture with deltoid injury OR bimalleolar OR trimalleolar fracture Bimalleolar fracture and right ankle dislocation on X-ray (anteroposterior). Having three parts, this is a more unstable fracture and may be associated with ligamentous injury. Check out the new My Emergency Department app - a single source of truth for all your ED team's guidelines, policies and education content. Classification. Lisfranc injuries, also called Lisfranc fracture-dislocations, are the most common type of dislocation involving the foot and correspond to the dislocation of the articulation of the tarsus with the metatarsal bases. Strictly speaking, the fracture is misnamed and should more correctly be called "hangee" fracture. Sternal fractures occur in ~5% of blunt chest trauma with the manubrium being the most commonly injured part. forced inversion of plantarflexed foot. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. Classification. The lack of a metaphyseal fracture component in the coronal plane (evaluated with lateral x-ray or CT) distinguishes a Tillaux fracture from a triplanar fracture. Classification. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. Classically, these fractures are extra-articular transverse fractures and can be thought of as a reverse Colles fracture.. As a historical note, there are four methods of judicial hanging, and the process is more complicated than may be evident at first glance. Gross anatomy. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Falls, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian accidents, cycling and diving are common causes of injury 6,7. The term "hangman fracture" was introduced by Schneider in 1965 5. Trimalleolar fractures refer to a three-part fracture of the ankle. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. transverse fracture 1.5-2 cm from tip of proximal tuberosity. Anderson and D'Alonzo As the physiological closure of the physeal plate begins medially, the lateral (open) physis is prone to this type of fracture. Practical points. Practical points This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. Both the end of the fibula (1) and the tibia (2) are broken and the malleolar fragments (arrow: medial malleolus, arrowhead: lateral malleolus) are displaced. Practical points Epidemiology. Pathology. Treatment and prognosis It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture. Lisfranc injuries, also called Lisfranc fracture-dislocations, are the most common type of dislocation involving the foot and correspond to the dislocation of the articulation of the tarsus with the metatarsal bases. The complex of the medial collateral ligaments of the ankle joint is collectively called deltoid ligament.It attaches the medial malleolus to multiple tarsal bones. Mallet finger refers to injuries of the extensor mechanism of the finger at the level of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP).They are the most prevalent finger tendon injury in sport. Epidemiology. Trimalleolar fractures refer to a three-part fracture of the ankle. high risk of nonunion. intra-articular glenoid fracture. When a fracture is identified, a careful search for adjacent soft tissue injury should be undertaken. Classification. transverse fracture 1.5-2 cm from tip of proximal tuberosity. Associations Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. Treatment and prognosis For pediatric patients, see: ankle fracture (peds), Isolated medial or posterior malleolar fracture, Lateral malleolar fracture with deltoid injury OR bimalleolar OR trimalleolar fracture, Tips for Managing Weber B Ankle Fractures By Joseph Noack, MD; and Spencer Tomberg, MD. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. Epidemiology Fractures of the sternum are seen in between 3-6.8% of all motor vehicle collisions 1. Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Males are affected more commonly than females with a median age of injury of 56 years. transverse fracture through diaphysis. CT or MR may be more sensitive than conventional radiographs for detection of avulsion injuries. Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.. Plain radiograph. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. Practical points. They may represent an isolated tendinous injury or occur in combination with an avulsion fracture of the dorsal base of the distal phalanx. Almost invariably, if the fracture involves a paranasal sinus, middle ear or mastoid air cells, then they will contain some blood, which is a helpful clue to the presence of an underlying fracture. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. There is no associated bone fragment. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. intra-articular glenoid fracture. Sternal fractures occur in ~5% of blunt chest trauma with the manubrium being the most commonly injured part. Epidemiology There are two classification systems 5,6. Epidemiology. Most authors regard it as a type 4 Salter-Harris fracture. Jones fracture. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. The superficial layer has variable attachments and crosses two joints while the deep layer has talar attachments and crosses one joint: These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. There are two classification systems 5,6. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. Gaillard F, Lustosa L, Murphy A, et al. Symptoms of a Lisfranc fracture depend on the severity of the injury. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. Both the end of the fibula (1) and the tibia (2) are broken and the malleolar fragments (arrow: medial malleolus, arrowhead: lateral malleolus) are displaced. Differential diagnosis Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Examples of soft tissue injuries include: vascular The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Pathology Mechanism. Common symptoms include tenderness and swelling at the site of injury and the top of your foot. Dorsal avulsion fracture. Pathology Nasal bone fractures, when isolated, are most commonly displaced fractures of one of the paired nasal bones. Epidemiology. Lateral malleolar fracture with deltoid injury OR bimalleolar OR trimalleolar fracture Bimalleolar fracture and right ankle dislocation on X-ray (anteroposterior). Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. Almost invariably, if the fracture involves a paranasal sinus, middle ear or mastoid air cells, then they will contain some blood, which is a helpful clue to the presence of an underlying fracture. Classification. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. Examples include: Jefferson fracture: ring fracture of C1; hangman fracture: bilateral pedicle or pars fracture of C2; dens fracture; flexion teardrop fracture: unstable flexion fracture; extension teardrop fracture: stable injury forced inversion of plantarflexed foot. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process The term "hangman fracture" was introduced by Schneider in 1965 5. Most authors regard it as a type 4 Salter-Harris fracture. fracture may arise as proximally as the level of fibular neck and not visualized on ankle films, requiring knee or full-length tibia-fibula radiographs (Maisonneuve fracture) unstable: usually requires ORIF; Weber C fractures can be further subclassified as 6. There is no associated bone fragment. transverse fracture 1.5-2 cm from tip of proximal tuberosity. more: Jones fracture. Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. Spinal fractures are usually the result of significant trauma to a normally formed skeleton or the result of trauma to a weakened spinal column. Epidemiology As the physiological closure of the physeal plate begins medially, the lateral (open) physis is prone to this type of fracture. Terminology. high risk of nonunion. Calcaneal fracture. Vertical fracture through the distal tibial epiphysis (Salter-Harris III) with a horizontal extension through the lateral aspect of the physis. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. The term is sometimes used to describe intra-articular fractures with They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. Phalanx fractures are common injuries, although less common than metacarpal fractures. There is no associated bone fragment. base of 5 th metatarsal fracture. The term "hangman fracture" was introduced by Schneider in 1965 5. They may represent an isolated tendinous injury or occur in combination with an avulsion fracture of the dorsal base of the distal phalanx. Pathology Nasal bone fractures, when isolated, are most commonly displaced fractures of one of the paired nasal bones. Gross anatomy. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Common symptoms include tenderness and swelling at the site of injury and the top of your foot. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. These fractures are avulsion fractions of the ossification center of the lateral condyle, and as such are sometimes referred to as a lateral epicondyle avulsion fracture; either term is acceptable. Gross anatomy. Cervical spine fractures can occur secondary to exaggerated flexion or extension, or because of direct trauma or axial loading.. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. Both the end of the fibula (1) and the tibia (2) are broken and the malleolar fragments (arrow: medial malleolus, arrowhead: lateral malleolus) are displaced. Calcaneal fracture. Smith fractures, also known as Goyrand fractures in the French literature 3, are fractures of the distal radius with associated volar angulation of the distal fracture fragment(s). Pathology Mechanism. fracture may arise as proximally as the level of fibular neck and not visualized on ankle films, requiring knee or full-length tibia-fibula radiographs (Maisonneuve fracture) unstable: usually requires ORIF; Weber C fractures can be further subclassified as 6. Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Classification. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. As a historical note, there are four methods of judicial hanging, and the process is more complicated than may be evident at first glance. Lisfranc injury. extra-articular lover fracture (or Casanova fracture) base of 5 th metatarsal fracture. The fractures involve the medial malleolus, the posterior aspect of the tibial plafond (referred to as the posterior malleolus) and the lateral malleolus. Classification. Classification. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Symptoms of a Lisfranc fracture depend on the severity of the injury. On plain film, dorsal avulsion injuries are best detected on a lateral projection, where typically an avulsed flake of bone is identified lying posteriorly to the triquetral bone (see pooping duck sign). Pathology. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth Trimalleolar fractures refer to a three-part fracture of the ankle. Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture Dorsal avulsion fracture. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. It comprises of: a vertical fracture through the epiphysis; a horizontal fracture through the physis; an oblique fracture through the metaphysis Epidemiology. A Hill-Sachs defect is the terminology of preference over other terms, such as Hill-Sachs lesions, and Hill-Sachs fractures 14.. Repeat dislocations lead to larger defects, which can result in an "engaging" Hill-Sachs defect, which engages the anterior glenoid when the shoulder is abducted and externally rotated 4 (see article: on-track and off-track shoulder Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Intimate partner violence should be considered in patients where the clinical details do not match the fracture, or the injury occurs in an intimate setting 7. CT or MR may be more sensitive than conventional radiographs for detection of avulsion injuries. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. These fractures are avulsion fractions of the ossification center of the lateral condyle, and as such are sometimes referred to as a lateral epicondyle avulsion fracture; either term is acceptable. Associations Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. As the physiological closure of the physeal plate begins medially, the lateral (open) physis is prone to this type of fracture. Associations Differential diagnosis Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: Radiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. Phalanx fractures are common injuries, although less common than metacarpal fractures. Pathology. Calcaneal fracture. The ligament is composed of two layers. The lack of a metaphyseal fracture component in the coronal plane (evaluated with lateral x-ray or CT) distinguishes a Tillaux fracture from a triplanar fracture. fracture may arise as proximally as the level of fibular neck and not visualized on ankle films, requiring knee or full-length tibia-fibula radiographs (Maisonneuve fracture) unstable: usually requires ORIF; Weber C fractures can be further subclassified as 6. 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