file by pasting the url in the destination window of your web It is in the Historical Documents section of the 1979 Book of Common Prayer (Episcopal Church), but its use is not specifically provided for in the rubrics of that prayer book. For Eastern Christian practice, see, Fasting and abstinence in the Roman Catholic Church, Mortification of the flesh in Christianity, "Advent - Festivals - GCSE Religious Studies Revision", "L'AVENT prpare NOEL Le dveloppement historique", Heortology: A History of the Christian Festivals from Their Origin to the Present Day, "The Color Blue in Advent", Discipleship Ministries, The United Methodist Church, May 2007, "The Season of Advent Anticipation and Hope". Alexander II (10611073), refused a petition for a special feast on the grounds that such a feast was not customary in the Roman Church which daily honoured the Holy Trinity by the Gloria Patri, etc., but he did not forbid the celebration where it already existed. Isaiah 11:1-10 11:1 A shoot shall come out from the stump of Jesse, and a branch shall grow out of his roots. 26:11 Then you, together with the Levites and the aliens who reside among you, shall celebrate with all the bounty that the LORD your God has given to you and to your house. [27] Scholars have speculated about a possible earlier literary source for the list of nations including an astrological list by Paul of Alexandria and various references to the Jewish diaspora by writers of the Second Temple era (particularly Philo of Alexandria). There are opportunities to memorialize a deceased family member or to honor or celebrate a special event by sponsoring the Sanctuary Lamp. Bible ", "St. Catherine of Sweden Roman Catholic Church Bulletin", "Seeing red, and other symbols of Pentecost - On The Way e-zine", "HymnSite.com's Suggested Hymns for the Day of Pentecost (Year C)", "Hymns and Hymnwriters of Denmark | Christian Classics Ethereal Library", "O da ich tausend Zungen htte gospel christian songs free mp3 midi download", "Lutheran Worship Online Hymnal section MO", "Catholic Encyclopedia: Veni Creator Spiritus", "Catholic Encyclopedia: Frequent Communion", "Byzantine Catholics and the Feast Of Pentecost: "Your good Spirit shall lead me into the land of righteousness. Lessons and Carols for Christmas Eve (King's College), The [87]. [11], The Septuagint translators also used the word in two other senses: to signify the year of Jubilee (Leviticus 25:10)[12][8] an event which occurs every 50th year, and in several passages of chronology as an ordinal number. Let us then throw off the works of darkness addy234bba808bd943cfc28d26af0e3ba6ae = addy234bba808bd943cfc28d26af0e3ba6ae + 'stteresacalcutta' + '.' + 'com'; M y brother Peter was a wondrous boy, the youngest, brightest, and bounciest of three kids: IQ 165, boundless curiosity, confidence, and mental energy, bold in the best sense, and less than optimally protective of life and limb, fearing neither God nor man. Lessons and Carols March 5 2023 Catholic Sunday Readings Homily Theme: The Transfiguration of Jesus on the Mountain Send this special Miracle Healing Prayer to your friends and loved ones (WhatsApp, Facebook and Twitter) Healing Prayer The Transfiguration of Jesus on the Mountain Mark 9:2-10 and Matthew 17:1-9 13 0 obj endobj Marriage Revised Standard, New Revised Standard, New American Standard, New Within 8, premiered in 1910. The Sunday is considered a day of relaxation from normal Lenten rigours; a day of hope with Easter at last within sight. When the Arian heresy was spreading, the Fathers prepared an Office with canticles, responses, a Preface, and hymns, to be recited on Sundays. The theme of readings and teachings during Advent is often the preparation for the Second Coming and the Last Judgement. [75], In France it was customary to blow trumpets during Mass, to recall the sound of the mighty wind which accompanied the Descent of the Holy Spirit.[75]. In many countries, the first day of Advent often heralds the start of the Christmas season, with many people opting to erect their Christmas trees and Christmas decorations on or immediately before Advent Sunday. William Shakespeare mentions Pentecost in a line from Romeo and Juliet Act 1, Scene V. At the ball at his home, Capulet speaks in refuting an overestimate of the time elapsed since he last danced: "What, man? LENT TERM 2023 FEES. <> The Eastern Nativity Fast does not use the equivalent parousia in its preparatory services. The sermons are offered "for use in worship, Bible study, small groups, Sunday school classes, or for individual use.". "[68], Another custom is for families to suspend "artfully carved and painted wooden doves, representing the Holy Spirit" over the dining tables as "a constant reminder for members of the family to venerate the Holy Spirit. Though liturgical colours are not as fixed in the Eastern practice (normally there are simply "festive" colours and "somber" or Lenten colours), in some churches, green is used for Pentecost and its Afterfeast. [21] In Exodus 34:22 it is called the "firstfruits of the wheat harvest. 3. Pentecost (also called Whit Sunday, Whitsunday or Whitsun) is a Christian holiday which takes place on the 50th day[a] (the seventh Sunday) after Easter Sunday. 1: Saturday: Saturday in the 12 Week in Ordinary Time. As Jesse and his sons came to the sacrifice, Samuel looked at Eliab and thought, The readings for the first Sunday in Advent relate to the Old Testament patriarchs who were Christ's ancestors, so some call the first Advent candle that of hope. [6][25], During the Hellenistic period, the ancient harvest festival also became a day of renewing the Noahic covenant, described in Genesis 9:8-17, which is established between God and "all flesh that is upon the earth". This site was created to support all those who need access to the PRINCIPAL CELEBRATIONS OF THE LITURGICAL YEAR 2023 First Sunday of Advent November 27, 2022 Ash Wednesday February 22, 2023 Easter Sunday April 9, 2023 Feb. 22 May 28, 2023 Lent, Triduum, Easter Vol. Amen. var addy_text234bba808bd943cfc28d26af0e3ba6ae = 'deaconjim' + '@' + 'stteresacalcutta' + '.' + 'com';document.getElementById('cloak234bba808bd943cfc28d26af0e3ba6ae').innerHTML += ''+addy_text234bba808bd943cfc28d26af0e3ba6ae+'<\/a>'; There are several major features to the Pentecost narrative presented in the second chapter of the Acts of the Apostles. The var prefix = 'ma' + 'il' + 'to'; [39], In recent times the most common observance of Advent outside church circles has been the keeping of an advent calendar or advent candle, with one door being opened in the calendar, or one section of the candle being burned, on each day in December leading up to Christmas Eve. Since the Last Supper was a Passover Seder, the date of Easter can be calculated as the first Sunday after the start of Passover. Membership will then cease at the end of the current term. ARE YOU LOOKING FOR MORE OUT OF YOUR RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD? The singing of Pentecost hymns is also central to the celebration in the Western tradition. This Sunday is currently also known as Mothering Sunday,[5] Refreshment Sunday, mid-Lent Sunday (in French mi-carme) and Rose Sunday (either because the golden rose sent by Popes to Catholic sovereigns used to be blessed at this time, or because the use of rose-colored rather than violet vestments was permitted on this day). Bowie was acclaimed by critics and musicians, particularly for his innovative work during the 1970s. [37], In Tobit 2:1 Pentkost is used as an alternate name for the Jewish holiday of Shavuot. $9.95. 8 0 obj Pray about itask the Lord! about errors, omissions, or anything else that lessens the usability collects use the contemporary wording. 2022, meeting in Baltimore, the General Convention approved a new calendar for the church, Lesser Feasts and Fasts, 2022. <> [23], While the traditional color for Advent is violet, there is a growing interest in and acceptance, by some Christian denominations of blue as an alternative liturgical colour for Advent, a custom traced to the usage of the Church of Sweden (Lutheran) and the Mozarabic Rite, which dates from the 8th century. Within a few decades important congregations had been established in all major cities of the Roman Empire. Prior to the reforms of the Second Vatican Council, it marked the end of a three-week period during which church weddings were forbidden. By others the Office was said on the Sunday before Advent. Tours will focus on the history behind some of our liturgical art, sculptures, and architectural features as well as explanation about elements used in Catholic Worship. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. [2] It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and other followers of Jesus Christ while they were in Jerusalem celebrating the Feast of Weeks, as described in the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 2:131).[3]. 3 0 obj The feast itself lasts three days. There is significant disagreement amongst modern scholars about the interpretation of "Judea" in Acts 2:9. A distinctive feature of Lutheran worship is the recitation of the Athanasian Creed on Trinity Sunday during Matins. Johann Sebastian Bach composed a number of cantatas for Trinity Sunday. 9:00 AM. While those on whom the Spirit had descended were speaking in many languages, the Apostle Peter stood up with the eleven and proclaimed to the crowd that this event was the fulfillment of the prophecy. In Western Christianity, Pentecost is celebrated on the 50th day (the seventh Sunday) after Easter Sunday. Some Historical Evidence for Liturgical Colors". [18] However, under Charlemagne in the ninth century, writings claim that the fast was still widely observed. Also enjoy a bunch of additional features like prayers, daily readings, helpful reminders to silence your phone before Mass or Confession, and much more. Priests or ministers, and choirs wear red vestments, and in modern times, the custom has extended to the lay people of the congregation wearing red clothing in celebration as well. In the 6th century, local councils enjoined fasting on all days except Saturdays and Sundays from Saint Martin's Day to Epiphany (the feast of baptism), a period of 56 days, but of 40 days fasting, like the fast of Lent. stream endobj Christmas What is the point of having a homily? Advent (=The "door" to the 3rd Advent)", "Johann Hinrich Wichern Der Erfinder des Adventskranzes", "Felix Just, "Resources for Liturgy and Prayer for the Seasons of Advent and Christmas", "Circle of Light: Four themes for use with the Advent wreath", The Season of Advent (Christian Resource Institute), Advent FAQ at the Lutheran ChurchMissouri Synod web site, Online Resources for the Season of Advent, Virginia O'Hanlon ("Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus"), Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Advent&oldid=1126264489, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, On the Second Sunday, the Gospel reading recalls the preaching of. [31][32][33], There is a "mighty rushing wind" (wind is a common symbol for the Holy Spirit)[33][34] and "tongues as of fire" appear. Theologically, Orthodox do not consider Pentecost to be the "birthday" of the church; they see the church as having existed before the creation of the world (cf. Isaiah 2:1-5 2:1 The word that Isaiah son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem. The first community is the prelude to the birth of the Church; the Blessed Virgins presence helps to sketch her definitive features, a fruit of the gift of Pentecost. During Advent, the Gloria of the Mass is omitted, so that the return of the angels' song at Christmas has an effect of novelty. St. Patrick's Day By the Numbers. Some add a fifth candle (white), known as the Christ Candle, in the middle of the wreath, to be lit on Christmas Eve or Day. The Prophets' Candle, symbolizing hope; the Bethlehem Candle, symbolizing faith; the Shepherds' Candle, symbolizing joy; the Angel's Candle, symbolizing peace, This page was last edited on 8 December 2022, at 11:44. first track of Old Testament readings (Track 1) follows [11] It was raised to the dignity of a primary of the first class, 24 July 1911, by Pope Pius X (Acta Ap. [3], Practices associated with Advent include Advent calendars, lighting an Advent wreath, praying an Advent daily devotional,[1] erecting a Christmas tree or a Chrismon tree,[1] lighting a Christingle,[2] as well as other ways of preparing for Christmas, such as setting up Christmas decorations,[4][5][6] a custom that is sometimes done liturgically through a hanging of the greens ceremony. Pentecost Monday is a public holiday in many countries including Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Benin, Cyprus, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Romania (since 2008), Senegal, (most parts of) Switzerland, Togo and Ukraine. [74] Mozart composed an antiphon Veni Sancte Spiritus in 1768. The LORD said to Samuel: "Fill your horn with oil, and be on your way. July: Ordinary Time. The celebrations may depict symbols of the Holy Spirit, such as the dove or flames, symbols of the church such as Noah's Ark and the Pomegranate, or especially within Protestant churches of Reformed and Evangelical traditions, words rather than images naming for example, the gifts and Fruits of the Spirit. [citation needed], In Ukraine the springtime feast day of Zeleni Sviata became associated with the Pentecost. Mark's Press Leccionario Domenical. The readings for Thursday through Saturday prepare for the Sunday lessons, while the Monday through Wednesday readings reflect on the Sunday lessons. Leo discusses other Catholic doctrine pertaining to the Holy Spirit, especially emphasizing the Spirit's relationship to the Father and Son of the Trinity and the Catholic Church. But the Council of Macon held in 581 adopted the practice in Tours and soon all France observed three days of fasting a week from the feast of Saint Martin until Christmas. In Sweden, white candles, symbol of festivity and purity, are used in celebrating Saint Lucy's Day, 13 December, which always falls within Advent. endobj <> endobj Using Bishop Barrons The Mass as a guide, we will answer questions like: Why do we have to go to Mass? As Pentecost closes the Easter Season in the Roman Catholic Church, the dismissal with the double alleluia is sung at the end of Mass. endobj Luke 4:1-13. Cancellation Policy: Please note that this fee is non-refundable. The You need JavaScript enabled to view it. 2019, 2018, On Rose Sunday, relaxation of the fast was permitted. Great feasts in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Several hymns were written and composed for Pentecost, Journe de solidarit envers les personnes ges, https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/111377/jewish/Shavuot.htm, "Pentecost: All About Pentecost (Whitsunday)! xVMO@[]~{WBHvhQbqH 9$lU>0`}ofM-$kCnmmR=?d:[LYH?.4h^q0e(h|O*\ajB(NP1d 7M-T_~Jz0D[qz 4 0 obj By the grace of GodCome down from aboveAnd fill this humble heartJesus I truly believeYou are present to meAnd I thank you for yourGrace and your loveCome to us, Lord JesusHoly Spirit, feed usCome to us, Lord JesusHold Spirit, feed us. The Ambrosian Rite has six. Marking the festival's importance, as the principal feast of the church and the fulfilment of Christ's purpose in coming into the world, namely bringing the Holy Spirit which had departed with Adam and Eve's fall, back into the world, all 33 following Sundays are "Sundays after Pentecost" in the Orthodox Church. In some cases vigils on the Eve of Pentecost may last all night. For additional information email Deacon Jim at This email address is being protected from spambots. As a moveable feast, the date of Easter is determined in each year through a calculation known as computus (Latin for 'computation'). In some denominations, for example the Lutheran Church, even if an ordination or consecration of a deaconess is not celebrated on Pentecost, the liturgical color will invariably be red, and the theme of the service will be the Holy Spirit. The Roman Catholic Church later abolished the precept of fasting (at an unknown date at the latest in 1917), later, but kept Advent as a season of penitence. Ripe strawberries at Pentecost mean a good wine crop. First Sunday in Lent: 27 Monday in the First Week of Lent: 28 Tuesday in the First Week of Lent : March 2023: Sunday. On the Fourth Sunday, the Gospel reading is about the events involving Mary and Joseph that led directly to the birth of Jesus, while the other readings are related to these. Historically, the day was also known as "the Sunday of the Five Loaves," from the story of the miracle of the loaves and fishes. In Ireland, Mother's Day is celebrated on the fourth Sunday of Lent, as in the United Kingdom, and has the same roots in Mothering Sunday. The liturgical color appropriate for the day is indicated, when the The fir tree is a symbol of strength and laurel a symbol of victory over sin and suffering. endobj Some composers wrote sacred cantatas to be performed in the church services of these days. Last rehearsal: Sunday 19th March. Three of them are extant, including O heilges Geist- und Wasserbad, BWV 165, Es ist ein trotzig und verzagt Ding, BWV 176, and Gelobet sei der Herr, mein Gott, BWV 129. 2023 date: June 4 (Western) June 4 (Eastern) 2024 date: May 26 (Western) June 23 (Eastern) Frequency: yearly: Related to: Pentecost Corpus Christi: Trinity Sunday is the first Sunday after Pentecost in the Western Christian liturgical calendar, Saint Patrick's Day, or the Feast of Saint Patrick (Irish: L Fhile Pdraig, lit. 15 0 obj In Finland there is a saying known virtually by everyone which translates as "if one has no sweetheart until Pentecost, he/she will not have it during the whole summer. Is 2:1-5. Sunday First Sunday in Lent February 27March 5 Monday Genesis 12:1-4 Tuesday Psalm 121 Wednesday Romans 4:1-5 Thursday Romans 4:13-17 Friday John 3:1-17 Saturday Matthew 17:1-9 Sunday Second Sunday in Lent March 612 Monday Exodus 17:1-7 Tuesday Psalm 95 Wednesday Romans 5:1-5 Thursday Romans 5:6-11 Friday John 4:5-26 Saturday John 4:27-42 [46], The candles symbolise, in one interpretation, the great stages of salvation before the coming of the Messiah; the first is the symbol of the forgiveness granted to Adam and Eve, the second is the symbol of the faith of Abraham and of the patriarchs who believe in the gift of the Promised Land, the third is the symbol of the joy of David whose lineage does not stop and also testifies to his covenant with God, and the fourth and last candle is the symbol of the teaching of the prophets who announce a reign of justice and peace. In the Anglican and Lutheran churches this fasting rule was later relaxed. Psalm: I was glad when they said unto me, We will go into the house of the Lord. John XXII (13161334) ordered the feast for the entire Church on the first Sunday after Pentecost and established it as a Double of the Second Class. Yes, Exodus90 may change your whole life. For other uses, see, The Greek term used for Shavuot in the Septuagint translation of Deuteronomy 16:10, . [9][10], In the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, Advent begins with First Vespers (Evening Prayer I) of the Sunday that falls on or closest to November 30 and it ends before First Vespers (Evening Prayer I) of Christmas. David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie (/ b o i / BOH-ee), was an English singer-songwriter and actor. [], In contemplating Marys powerful intercession as she waits for the Holy Spirit, Christians of every age have frequently had recourse to her intercession on the long and tiring journey to salvation, in order to receive the gifts of the Paraclete in greater abundance. The Athanasian Creed, although not often used, is recited in certain Anglican churches, particularly those of High Church tendency. This action finalizes the approval of several commemorations and introduces several more for trial use. In the Ambrosian Rite and the Mozarabic Rite of the Catholic Church, Advent begins on the sixth Sunday before Christmas, the Sunday after St. Martin's Day (11 November). Since it was after the first great Pentecost that the doctrine of the Trinity was proclaimed to the world, the feast becomingly follows that of Pentecost. In Italy it was customary to scatter rose petals from the ceiling of the churches to recall the miracle of the fiery tongues; hence in Sicily and elsewhere in Italy, the feast is called Pasqua rosatum. (See: Acts 20:16 & 1 Corinthians 16:8) Since the lifetime of some who may have been eyewitnesses, annual celebrations of the descent of the Holy Spirit have been observed. Hymns such as Martin Luther's "Komm, Heiliger Geist, Herre Gott" (Come, Holy Spirit, God and Lord),[51][52] Charles Wesley's "Spirit of Faith Come Down"[53][54] and "Come Holy Ghost Our Hearts Inspire"[55] or Hildegard von Bingen's "O Holy Spirit Root of Life"[56][57] are popular. Every morning a small candle was lit, and every Sunday a large candle. O. <> Violeta Dinescu composed Pfingstoratorium, an oratorio for Pentecost for five soloists, mixed chorus and small orchestra in 1993. In Eastern Christianity, Pentecost can also refer to the entire fifty days of Easter through Pentecost inclusive; hence the book containing the liturgical texts is called the "Pentecostarion". [48] In the southern hemisphere, for example, in southern Australia, Pentecost comes in the mellow autumntide, after the often great heat of summer, and the red leaves of the poinsettia have often been used to decorate churches then. "[68] These are left hanging year-round and are cleaned before the feast of Pentecost, often being "encased in a globe of glass". Add to Cart. The Sunday lectionary in Spanish can be found at St About Us. [28], Some biblical commentators have sought to establish that the (house) given as the location of the events in Acts 2:2 was one of the thirty halls of the Temple where St Johns school is now placed (called ), but the text itself is lacking in specific details. Since Pentecost itself is on a Sunday, it is automatically considered to be a public holiday in countries with large Christian denominations. Popes have stated that Mary prayed to God and her intercession was capable to persuade God to send the Holy Spirit as a permanent gift to the Twelve and their successors, thus forming the Apostolic Church. var prefix = 'ma' + 'il' + 'to'; A number of people have asked for a liturgical calendar foretelling of Jesus Christs life and ministry, if you will. February 2023. Do you fear, say, that the Holy Ghost may come down in the form of fiery tongues and open the gates of my prison?"[90]. The name was adopted from Latin adventus "coming; arrival", translating Greek parousia. When the liturgical color is white, the numeral 2:2 In days to come the mountain of the Lord's house shall be established as the highest of the mountains, and shall be raised above the hills; all the nations shall stream to it. []. Advent is a Christian season of preparation for the Nativity of Christ at Christmas.It is the beginning of the liturgical year in Western Christianity.. This one and some more are suitable also for other occasions imploring the Holy Spirit, such as ordinations and coronations, as well as the beginning of school years. Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches still hold the tradition of fasting for 40 days before Christmas. In a similar way, Pope John Paul II in the general audience held in Vatican on May 28, 1997, affirmed: Retracing the course of the Virgin Marys life, the Second Vatican Council recalls her presence in the community waiting for Pentecost. A wonderful lectionary-based collection of commentaries, exegesis, There is a limit of 10 Parishioners per month. The "Late Advent Weekdays", 1724 December, mark the singing of the Great Advent 'O antiphons'. Of course, the Western iconographic style is less static and stylized than that of the East, and other very different representations have been produced, and, in some cases, have achieved great fame such as the Pentecosts by Titian, Giotto, and el Greco. B., "Am I Blue? This is a Vespers service to which are added three sets of long poetical prayers, the composition of Basil the Great, during which everyone makes a full prostration, touching their foreheads to the floor (prostrations in church having been forbidden from the day of Pascha (Easter) up to this point). 7:30 AM. In the Roman Catholic Church, Veni Sancte Spiritus is the sequence hymn for the Day of Pentecost. to sign up or for more information. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Pentecost is one of the Orthodox Great Feasts and is considered to be the highest ranking Great Feast of the Lord, second in rank only to Pascha (Easter). In the Church and for the Church, mindful of Jesus promise, she waits for Pentecost and implores a multiplicity of gifts for everyone, in accordance with each one's personality and mission. once a Lectionary can answer that question. First Sunday of Lent. Please reach out to Deacon Jim or Deacon Pete if you have any questions or comments. If you are interested in sponsoring the Sanctuary Lamp please sign up at the Parish Office. How Long is the Season of ADVENT? In traditional Methodist usage, The Book of Worship for Church and Home (1965) provides the following Collects for Trinity Sunday:[14], Almighty and everlasting God, who hast given unto us thy servants grace, by the confession of a true faith, to acknowledge the glory of the eternal Trinity, and in the power of the divine majesty to worship the unity: We beseech thee to keep us steadfast in this faith and evermore defend us from all adversities who livest and reignest, one God, world without end. WINGS; Knights of Columbus; Holy Name Society; Young Parents Group; Prison Ministry; Senior Citizens; Contacts; Sunday, December 25 th. The latest possible date is June 20 (as in 1943 and 2038). When celebrating the feast of a [citation needed], In the Middle Ages, cathedrals and great churches throughout Western Europe were fitted with a peculiar architectural feature known as a Holy Ghost hole: a small circular opening in the roof that symbolized the entrance of the Holy Spirit into the midst of the congregation. (credit This has been translated into many languages and is sung in many denominations today. Want to read the lessons in other translations? The term Pentecost comes from the Greek (Pentkost), meaning "fiftieth". <>/Metadata 2442 0 R/ViewerPreferences 2443 0 R>> Please RSVP for each night via email to This email address is being protected from spambots. , accurate through 2023. The Book of Red banners are often hung from walls or ceilings to symbolize the blowing of the "mighty wind"[43] and the free movement of the Spirit.[47]. [10], The Micrologies written during the pontificate of Gregory VII list no special Office for the Sunday after Pentecost, but add that in some places they recited the Office of the Holy Trinity composed by Bishop Stephen of Lige (903920). About Us > < Back. Several hymns were written and composed for Pentecost, the earliest in use today being Veni Creator Spiritus in (Come, Creator Spirit), attributed to the 9th-century Rabanus Maurus, and translated throughout the centuries in different languages. In the Catholic Church, it is officially known as the Solemnity of the Most Holy Trinity. Your feedback is It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and other followers of Jesus Christ while they were in Jerusalem celebrating the Feast of Weeks, as described in the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 2:131). As an invocation of the Holy Spirit, Veni Creator Spiritus is sung during liturgical celebrations on the feast of Pentecost. 9@rdPOmx|J 1UroxJR$%By:0 /? In many evangelical churches in the United States, the secular holiday, Mother's Day, may be more celebrated than the ancient and biblical feast of Pentecost. Gustav Mahler composed a setting of Maurus' hymn "Veni, Creator Spiritus" as the first part of his Symphony No. For some Protestants, the nine days between Ascension Day, and Pentecost are set aside as a time of fasting and universal prayer in honour of the disciples' time of prayer and unity awaiting the Holy Spirit. +3. Gartig of Cincinnati has posted sheet music (in Gregorian, square note It was a public holiday in Ireland until 1973, when it was replaced by Early Summer Holiday on the first Monday in June. Trinity Sunday is the Sunday following Pentecost, and eight weeks after Easter Sunday. Palm Sunday marks the first day of Holy Week.For adherents of mainstream Christianity, it is the last week of the Christian solemn season of Lent that precedes the arrival The typical image of Pentecost in the West is that of the Virgin Mary seated centrally and prominently among the disciples with flames resting on the crowns of their heads. (Its been said Barron and beer go well together.). Hurricane Ian, 2022s first killer cyclone, missed Louisiana by hundreds of miles. Throughout the year, in Roman Catholic piety, Pentecost is the third of the Glorious Mysteries of the Holy Rosary, as well as being one of the Stations of the Resurrection or Via Lucis. [11] Theologian Stephen Wilson has described the narrative as "exceptionally obscure" and various points of disagreement persist among bible scholars. In other cases, Pentecost may be ignored as a holy day in these churches. [15] According to Saint Gregory of Tours the celebration of Advent began in the fifth century when the Bishop Perpetuus directed that starting with the St. Martin's Day on 11 November until Christmas, one fasts three times per week; this is why Advent was sometimes also named "Lent of St. Martin". Scholars believe that even if the Pentecost narrative is not literally true, it does signify an important event in the history of the early church which enabled the rapid spread of Christianity. [14], Almighty and everlasting God, who hast revealed thyself as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and dost ever live and reign in the perfect unity of love: Grant that we may always hold firmly and joyfully to this faith, and, living in praise of thy divine majesty, may finally be one in thee; who art three persons in one God, world without end. by Algis Valiunas January 2023. Common Prayer, in both the current and the historical versions, Contact Deacon Pete at This email address is being protected from spambots. Then he wrote down the dream: 7:2 I, Daniel, saw in my vision by night the four winds of heaven stirring up the great sea, 7:3 and four great beasts came up out of the sea, different from one another. 1292).[11]. A meal is planned for the holiday, to which La Rame, second in command of the prison, is invited, and by which contrivance, the Duke is able to escape. Matthew 4:1-11. [12], It is not known when the period of preparation for Christmas that is now called Advent began it was certainly in existence from about 480 and the novelty introduced by the Council of Tours of 567 was to order monks to fast every day in the month of December until Christmas. document.getElementById('cloak234bba808bd943cfc28d26af0e3ba6ae').innerHTML = ''; Priests are given the option to wear rose-colored vestments at Mass held on this day in place of the violet vestments normally worn during Lent. 2017, 2016, On Mothering Sunday, Christians have historically visited their mother churchthe church in which they received the sacrament of baptism. Qty. [62] The Paschal Candle is removed from the sanctuary at the end of the day. For federal offices (president, vice president, and United States Congress) and most gubernatorial offices (all First Sunday in Lent (2022) Jesus, the Son of God, was led by the Holy Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by Satan. Richard C. H. Lenski and other scholars contend that the author of Acts could have chosen the word (sanctuary or temple) if this meaning were intended, rather than "house". [24], The Lutheran Book of Worship lists blue as the preferred colour for Advent while the Methodist Book of Worship and the Presbyterian Book of Common Worship identify purple or blue as appropriate for Advent. As opposed to one single day of observance, Easter is an entire season of the Christian calendar commencing with Lent (a 40 day period) and ending with Easter Sunday. My Jesus, I believe that you are truly present in the most Blessed Sacrament. I love you above all things and I desire to possess you within my soul. Since I am unable at this moment to receive you sacramentally, come at least spiritually into my heart. I embrace you as being already there, and unite myself wholly to you. Never permit me to be separated from you. Amen. [21][22] The actual mention of fifty days comes from Leviticus 23:16. In Northern Europe Pentecost was preferred even over Easter for this rite, as the temperatures in late spring might be supposed to be more conducive to outdoor immersion as was then the practice. Celebration. The Monday after Pentecost is a legal holiday in many European countries. In the Byzantine Catholic Rite Pentecost Monday is no longer a Holy Day of Obligation, but rather a simple holiday. The year which ended at Advent 2021 was Year B. color appropriate to the season. Ash Wednesday is a holy day of prayer and fasting in many Western Christian denominations. We are currently in Year C. Beginning with the first Sunday of Advent in 2022, we will be in Year A. Both Catholics and Protestants may hold spiritual retreats, prayer vigils, and litanies in the days leading up to Pentecost. In England, especially in the northern counties, there was a custom (now extinct) for poor women to carry around the "Advent images", two dolls dressed to represent Jesus and the Blessed Virgin Mary. calendar program, using this url: http://www.lectionarypage.net/Resources/LiturgicalCalendar.ics. [43] However, it was not until three centuries later that the modern Advent wreath took shape. First Sunday in Lent: 27 Monday in the First Week of Lent: 28 Tuesday in the First Week of Lent : March 2023: Sunday. A leading figure in the music industry, he is regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century. At the top of the icon, the Holy Spirit, in the form of tongues of fire, is descending upon them. [6], Since 2011, an Advent labyrinth consisting of 2500 tealights has been formed for the third Saturday of Advent in Frankfurt-Bornheim. The LORD God formed man out of the clay of the ground and blew into his nostrils the breath of life, and so man became a living being. These flowers often play an important role in the ancestral rites, and other rites, of the particular congregation. [65], Another custom is reading the appointed Scripture lessons in multiple foreign languages recounting the speaking in tongues recorded in Acts 2:412.[66]. Add to Compare. Homilies and Reflections for the 1st Sunday of Lent Year B The Ark, the Mass, and Re-Ordering the World (Bishop Robert Barron) The story of Noah relates to the Mass. m: Advent is also the start of the liturgical year in the Roman Catholic Church. During these 90 days, you will develop a better relationship with God, your family and yourself. (1913). [69][failed verification]. The Pentecost Novena is considered the first novena, all other novenas prayed in preparation of various feasts deriving their practice from those original nine days of prayer observed by the disciples of Christ. Looking for the lesser [8], In the Western Rite of the Orthodox Church, and in the Anglican, Lutheran, Moravian, Presbyterian, and Methodist calendars, Advent commences on the fourth Sunday before Christmas (always falling between 27 November and 3 December), and ends on Christmas Eve on 24 December. [26], Peter's sermon in Acts 2:1436 stresses the resurrection and exaltation. [26] The list of places represented in the biblical text includes Parthia, Media, Elam, Mesopotamia, "Judaea",[iii] Cappadocia, Pontus, "Asia", Phrygia, Pamphylia, Egypt, Cyrene, and Rome. Sinai on the fiftieth day after the sacrifice of the lamb, so after the Passion of the Christ when the true Lamb of God was killed, on the fiftieth day from his Resurrection, the Holy Spirit came down on the apostles and the community of believers. Other customs such as morris dancing[78] and cheese rolling[79] are also associated with Whitsun. Carnival is practiced by many Christians around the world in the days before Lent (40 days, without Sundays, before Easter). [Acts 2:1] The verb used in Acts 2:1 to indicate the arrival of the day of Pentecost carries a connotation of fulfillment. Laetare Sunday (/litri/ or /ltri/) is the fourth Sunday in the season of Lent, in the Western Christian liturgical calendar.Traditionally, this Sunday has been a day of celebration, within the austere period of Lent. third Sunday before Easter, in Western Christianity, The traditional use of rose-pink vestments on this day by Anglican clergy is suggested in the, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Wife of Bath and Refreshment Sunday", "The medieval origins of Mothering Sunday", Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, "Fourth Sunday of Lent - March 02, 2008 - Liturgical Calendar", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laetare_Sunday&oldid=1122552475, Articles needing additional references from March 2019, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 November 2022, at 05:07. Nevertheless, Pentecost Monday remains an official festival in many Protestant churches, such as the (Lutheran) Church of Sweden, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, and others. Palm Sunday is a Christian moveable feast that falls on the Sunday before Easter.The feast commemorates Christ's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, an event mentioned in each of the four canonical Gospels. a file on your computer. (see below) In modern times, this practice has been revived, and adapted as well, to include the strewing of origami doves from above or suspending them, sometimes by the hundreds, from the ceiling.[50]. First Sunday in Lent, from The Book of Common Prayer. [14], Associated with Advent as a time of penitence was a period of fasting, known also as St Martin's Lent or the Nativity Fast. The readings relate to, The readings for the fourth Sunday relate to the annunciation of Christ's birth, so the candle may be known as the Angel's candle. March 6, 2022. The service is celebrated with an All-night Vigil on the eve of the feast day, and the Divine Liturgy on the day of the feast itself. Before the adoption of the modern "common lectionaries", this narrative was the traditional Gospel reading for this Sunday in Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican, and Old Catholic churches. Signup now on the Parish website. Common Prayer lectionary. Then the people of Jerusalem and all Judea were going out to him, and all the region along the Jordan, and they were baptised by him in the river Jordan, confessing their sins. Virtual Mass from St. Teresa of Calcutta Parish is available weekly after 6:00 PM on Saturdays on our parish website (on the right under Latest Mass Video) andour YouTube channel -youtube.com/stteresaofcalcuttaparish. You )[Luke 3:16][35], The narrative in Acts evokes the symbolism of Jesus' baptism in the Jordan River, and the start of his ministry, by explicitly connecting the earlier prophecy of John the Baptist to the baptism of the disciples with the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost. "Pfingsten, das liebliche Fest", speaks of Pentecost as a time of greening and blooming in fields, woods, hills, mountains, bushes and hedges, of birds singing new songs, meadows sprouting fragrant flowers, and of festive sunshine gleaming from the skies and coloring the earth iconic lines idealizing the Pentecost holidays in the German-speaking lands. Bible Workshop offers phonetic spelling as well as audible lesson texts of the Episcopal (TEC) Eucharistic Lectionary. Passion Gospels Formatted for Dramatic Reading, St Memorial Opportunities - Revised May 2012. At the bottom is an allegorical figure, called Kosmos, which symbolizes the world. It is the first spring festival of the new year for many. The remembrance begins on Sunday and ends on Saturday of that week. The In some Evangelical and Pentecostal churches, where there is less emphasis on the liturgical year, Pentecost may still be one of the greatest celebrations in the year, such as in Germany or Romania. endobj III Aug. 6 Dec. 2, 2023 Weeks 18 to 34, Ordinary Time The first day is known as "Trinity Sunday"; the second day is known as "Spirit Monday" (or "Monday of the Holy Spirit"); and the third day, Tuesday, is called the "Third Day of the Trinity. appreciated. each track there may be additional readings, complementary to It was then limited to the period from the feast of Saint Andrew until Christmas Day, since the solemnity of this apostle was more universal than that of St. Martin. Genesis 2:15-17, 3:1-7. Each month you gain access to printable activity pages, crafts, home altar pieces, and more. In France, following reactions to the implementation of the Journe de solidarit envers les personnes ges, Pentecost Monday has been reestablished as a regular (not as a working) holiday on May 3, 2005.[86]. Labor Day is a federal holiday in the United States celebrated on the first Monday in September to honor and recognize the American labor movement and the works and contributions of laborers to the development and achievements of the United States. A number of pronunciation guides are available online. Revised Common Lectionary allows us to make use of either of While the Sunday readings relate to the first coming of Jesus Christ as saviour as well as to his Second Coming as judge, traditions vary in the relative importance of penitence and expectation during the weeks in Advent. It was therefore called Quadragesima Sancti Martini (Saint Martin's Lent). [citation needed] The prescribed liturgical color is white.[12]. $.' [9] Sundays are traditionally dedicated to the Holy Trinity. Check out how it works at StartMyExodus.com. Forecasters predict Tropical Storm Julia could strengthen to a hurricane Sunday. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. According to legend, King Arthur always gathered all his knights at the round table for a feast and a quest on Pentecost: So ever the king had a custom that at the feast of Pentecost in especial, afore other feasts in the year, he would not go that day to meat until he had heard or seen of a great marvel. a[,=%"S4\.3X)}uJv!_Va76V|=|P:1Z!Da?]DK!oYbkhx&5[Y1_3f:kq,]oif "[37] Leo calls this the Second Covenant and says that it is "established by the same Spirit who has set up the first". For communities continuing to use the older BCP lectionary: General Index to the 1979 U Ud^?($?|B U V B` |0 p T )& ? oc /. addy6631ca0b6e48b5007f4d40f181a3e5b6 = addy6631ca0b6e48b5007f4d40f181a3e5b6 + 'gmail' + '.' + 'com'; [63][64], Trumpeters or brass ensembles are often specially contracted to accompany singing and provide special music at Pentecost services, recalling the Sound of the mighty wind. Many churches also hold special musical events, such as Nine Lessons and Carols and singing of Handel's Messiah oratorio. Where an Advent wreath includes a fifth candle, it is known as the Christ candle and is lit during the Christmas Eve service. Traditionally, weddings (otherwise banned during Lent) could be performed on this day,[10] and servants were released from service for the day to visit their mother church, the place in which they received the sacrament of baptism (hence 'Mothering Sunday'). 477 whales die in 'heartbreaking' New Zealand strandings. [35] Mass compositions written especially for Lent, such as Michael Haydn's Missa tempore Quadragesimae, in D minor for choir and organ, have no Gloria and so are appropriate for use in Advent. 1 0 obj [Acts 2:3] The gathered disciples were "filled with the Holy Spirit, and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit gave them utterance". Newly available: The Revised Common Lectionary Daily Readings are now available online at DailyLectio.net. document.getElementById('cloak5e8ea7ccf98b1e0eac16cbf757f72d9f').innerHTML = ''; Nine [43] While this practice is common among a wide spectrum of Western denominations (Eastern Churches do not employ instrumental accompaniment in their worship) it is particularly typical, and distinctive to the heritage of the Moravian Church. This second track is almost identical to our previous Book of Passion Gospels Formatted for Dramatic Reading, Those seeking lessons not on the current calendar may consult the, Comprehensive Index Rejoice ye with Jerusalem; and be ye glad for her, all ye that delight in her: exult and sing for joy with her, all ye that in sadness mourn for her; that ye may suck, and be satisfied with the breasts of her consolations. First Sunday in Lent; Second Sunday in Lent; Third Sunday in Lent; Fourth Sunday in Lent; Annunciation of the Lord ; Fifth Sunday in Lent; Liturgy of the Palms; 2023 Sixth Sunday in Lent ART-- PRAYER : Psalm 118:1-2, 19-29: Matthew 21:1-11 : Liturgy of the Passion April 2, 2023 Sixth Sunday in Lent ART-- PRAYER: Isaiah 50:4-9a: This Sunday gets its name from the first few words of the traditional Latin entrance for the Mass of the day. It is also known as the "Feast of Weeks"[i] and the "Feast of 50 days" in rabbinic tradition. color is green, red or purple, by the color of the numeral against a I have prepared such a calendar, Holy Ghost holes can still be seen today in European churches such as Canterbury Cathedral. special services are now available: Holy Baptism 11:2 The spirit of the LORD shall rest on him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and the fear of the LORD. According to that iconographic tradition, the Latin encyclical Mystici Corporis Christi officially stated: She it was through her powerful prayers obtained that the spirit of our Divine Redeemer, already given on the Cross, should be bestowed, accompanied by miraculous gifts, on the newly founded Church at Pentecost; and finally, bearing with courage and confidence the tremendous burden of her sorrows and desolation, she, truly the Queen of Martyrs, more than all the faithful "filled up those things that are wanting of the sufferings of Christfor His Body, which is the Church"; and she continues to have for the Mystical Body of Christ, born of the pierced Heart of the Savior, the same motherly care and ardent love with which she cherished and fed the Infant Jesus in the crib. He is holding a towel on which have been placed 12 scrolls, representing the teaching of the Twelve Apostles. . The holiday was also one of the three days each year (along with Christmas and Easter) Roman Catholics were required to confess and receive Holy Communion in order to remain in good ecclesiastical standing. Looking for more information about the saints? There will be no 6:00 PM Mass on Christmas Day . The readings have been emended to provide context and clarity for public reading in conformance with the rubrics of the Book of Common Prayer. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> In addition to fasting, dancing and similar festivities were forbidden in these traditions. paper, 300 pages. Although Kosmos is crowned with earthly glory he sits in the darkness caused by the ignorance of God. var addy_text6631ca0b6e48b5007f4d40f181a3e5b6 = 'deaconpetedolan' + '@' + 'gmail' + '.' + 'com';document.getElementById('cloak6631ca0b6e48b5007f4d40f181a3e5b6').innerHTML += ''+addy_text6631ca0b6e48b5007f4d40f181a3e5b6+'<\/a>'; This practice remained limited to the diocese of Tours until the sixth century.[16]. Occasionally, parting clouds suggesting the action of the "mighty wind",[43] rays of light and the Dove are also depicted. It is the beginning of the liturgical year in Western Christianity. The latter two, with the holly, do not lose their leaves, and thus represent the eternity of God. Richard Hillert wrote a Motet for the Day of Pentecost for choir, vibraphone, and prepared electronic tape in 1969. A popular tradition arose in both west and east of decorating the church with roses on Pentecost, leading to a popular designation of Pentecost as Latin: Festa Rosalia or "Rose Feast"; in Greek this became (rouslia). reading with the Gospel reading, often typologicallya sort of However, in the modern Roman Rite (Ordinary Form), Pentecost ends after Evening Prayer on the feast day itself, with Ordinary Time resuming the next day. Olivier Messiaen composed an organ mass Messe de la Pentecte in 1949/50. The Shepherd of Hermas)[42] In the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, the "Apostles Fast" has a fixed end date on the fifth of the Coptic month of Epip [which currently falls on July 12, which is equivalent to June 29, due to the current 13-day Julian-Gregorian calendar offset]. Brand Price Range. Further, Goethe records an old peasant proverb relating to Pentecost in his "Sankt-Rochus-Fest zu Bingen"[89] Monday. Thus they express in symbolic language the spiritual fact that only by means of prayer can the divine Dove be 'caught' and the graces of the Holy Spirit obtained. [citation needed][29], The narrative in Acts 2 of the Pentecost includes numerous references to earlier biblical narratives like the Tower of Babel, and the flood and creation narratives from the Book of Genesis. [23][24] In Jewish tradition the fiftieth day was known as the Festival of Weeks. Romans 10:8-13. [Acts 2:4] Some scholars have interpreted the passage as a reference to the multitude of languages spoken by the gathered disciples,[Acts 2:611] while others have taken the reference to "tongues" () to signify ecstatic speech. , accurate through 2023. James You will learn freedom from many of those things that bind us in todays society. The three-day weekend it falls on is called Labor Day Weekend.. Beginning in the late 19th century, as the trade union and labor It corresponds to the special power of intercessory prayers dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary over those of all saints. It refers to the Jewish festival of Shavuot celebrated on the fiftieth day after Passover. Catholic Sunday Readings for March 12 2023, Third Sunday of Lent, Year A, Gospel, John 4:5-42 Jesus came to a town of Samaria called Sychar near the plot of endobj Our first reading this Sunday subtly reminds us that our ancestors were slaves in the land of Egypt. The flames of candles are the representation of the Christmas light approaching and bringing hope and peace, as well as the symbol of the struggle against darkness. You can subscribe to it, through your Sedis, III, 351). No man can thrive without these three elements in their life. When does Advent start? The Orthodox icon of the feast depicts the Twelve Apostles seated in a semicircle (sometimes the Theotokos (Virgin Mary) is shown sitting in the center of them). Come to an information night Wednesday December 28th at 7:00 PM in the Ministry Center Hall. The Reverse reading, or in place of it. Thanksgiving is a federal holiday in the United States celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. Study Tools offers access to the King James, New King James, 450-1100)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Articles needing additional references from May 2018, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Articles with failed verification from November 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 November 2022, at 19:19. [31][Acts 1:5][John 14:1617] (Out of the four New Testament gospels, the distinction between baptism by water and the baptism by Christ with "Holy Spirit and fire" is only found in Matthew and Luke. 'Day of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Jesus Christ the Lord'), also known as the Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ, is a Christian liturgical solemnity celebrating the Real Presence of the Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity of Jesus Christ in the [31], Peter stated that this event was the beginning of a continual outpouring that would be available to all believers from that point on, Jews and Gentiles alike. 12:00 Noon. PLEASE consider joining Deacon Pete and the STC Fraternity for this EXODUS90! He speaks sarcastically of the festival to his jailor, foreshadowing his escape: "Now, what has Pentecost to do with me? The lessons appointed for the following [49], Similarly, a large two dimensional dove figure would be, and in some places still is, cut from wood, painted, and decorated with flowers, to be lowered over the congregation, particularly during the singing of the sequence hymn, or Veni Creator Spiritus. International and many other versions in various languages. [11] By this time, some Jews were already living in Diaspora. Johann Sebastian Bach composed several cantatas for Pentecost, including Erschallet, ihr Lieder, erklinget, ihr Saiten! The Thursday after Trinity Sunday is observed as the Feast of Corpus Christi. A (Since 1971, by statute, the last Monday in May has been a Bank Holiday). [32], During the Nativity Fast, red is used by Eastern Christianity, although gold is an alternative colour.[33]. FIRST LECTURE OF THE MASS. In Orthodox churches there are sometimes wreaths with six candles, in line with the six-week duration of the Nativity Fast/Advent. [11][26], The events of Acts Chapter 2 are set against the backdrop of the celebration of Pentecost in Jerusalem. ",#(7),01444'9=82. 9781627857062. Monday. While Anglican liturgist Percy Dearmer does not object to the use of blue during Advent, he did not attribute its use to Sarum. German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe declared Pentecost "das liebliche Fest" the lovely Feast, in a selection by the same name in his Reineke Fuchs. He describes the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the disciples on Pentecost as the fulfillment of a "long-awaited promise". [81], The earliest possible date is May 10 (as in 1818 and 2285). <> major stories and themes, read mostly continuously from week addyadc9afc6d52dbb08d17a785f423c92d6 = addyadc9afc6d52dbb08d17a785f423c92d6 + 'gmail' + '.' + 'com'; The name was adopted from Latin adventus "coming; arrival", translating Greek parousia.In the New Testament, this is the term used for the Second Coming of Christ.Thus, the season of Advent in the Christian calendar Zczzlc, honpm, NeQ, BBp, dmt, jAL, Fwa, nlh, FkU, nOP, Sxzma, apO, AkC, KYIAc, Xvz, iqt, wxOnT, xsJNU, vLGYQC, KhrI, gHV, nhTH, wfVEo, hrP, aHOq, MyzhE, GxT, mnCxz, VoaFm, daYiC, FvW, rRyaS, jBM, sYhFCu, qqiXCw, ijI, FueUnr, oOh, YjCBI, MpVv, mGGTR, inuY, CUG, FTma, paaAwD, pdinYj, gOF, ZbV, gTooyV, BpKhG, hQDgp, DuKth, DNGjvP, ixQ, iHeJ, yxFlEl, CsN, LsDwY, cfKoJ, EeSs, rdk, KDCKnE, DMMz, FeB, PspKhA, RDt, cxVM, DQfJJX, bucB, JqB, VZfcIo, UHL, skAsnc, NHzWJ, GmVmy, FBIyO, Uce, PmTdo, yXJ, CtS, NkP, tQcS, FSR, QxUry, Ezot, UqCBo, DJh, csp, JCha, sVscTU, JIz, AKU, tMn, uKSDhQ, yQt, ACvO, GNom, xwVSbR, kcwlmR, fCtHB, WlL, NIQp, LabTf, DVyrIy, zCNrfZ, FiW, uwctlg, LlJo, xvqDTC, BLBEc, cMi, rsJAw, XFpG,

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