Joe missed the 2013 season with a shoulder injury after redshirting as a true freshman in 2011. But, just be aware that this exists as a possibility for certain players. According to the Senior Associate Athletic Director for Compliance, Scott Young, "the NCAA has two requirements for a medical redshirt; the injury must have occurred in the first half of the season, and the athlete must have competed in less than 30 percent of the season. The Redshirt Senior: New Year, New Beginnings in College Basketball The new year means new beginnings and a desire to transform oneself for the better. A monthly updates section has been added to the NJCAA Handbook to outline changes approved by the NJCAA Board of Regents. Players who appear in even one inning of one baseball game will lose a season of eligibility, unless they later gain a hardship waiver for injury, illness, family crisis, natural disaster or other calamity. The committee also reviews appeals of medical redshirt requests that are denied at the conference level. Student-Athlete Reinstatement Page Division II Bylaw 14.2.5 Division III Bylaw 14.2.5 Sidearm Sports Learfield Terms of Service Privacy Policy 2022 NCAA All Rights Reserved For a consultation regarding the redshirt rules and guidelines, send an email to rick@informedathlete.com or call us at 913-766-1235. Any other hardship, like family financial difficulties, should be documented. He's not been declared out for the season at this point (and isn't expected to be), but if he were, it would be a case similar to that of Searcy. Request forms and transcripts must be sent by either the athletic director or faculty athletics representative. NO. These rules apply for D1 and D2. If you suffer a season-ending injury in that time-frame and can document it, your conference (or athletic director, if an independent) can file paperwork with the . Call 1-800-GAMBLER. This would only be an option were either player to experience a second season-ending injury at some point in his career, at which point he would be a very likely recipient of a waiver to play a sixth year. According to the NCAA rules, in order to be granted a medical redshirt, the athlete must: Suffer an injury that is deemed "season-ending" Their injury must occur before the halfway point of the season Not participate in more than 30% of the season's games It is important to note that the injury has to be season-ending. In 2018 there was an NCAA medical redshirt rule change. Football players who are redshirting may now play in up to four games without sacrificing their redshirt. or D.O. A player who has already completed four years of college eligibility can request a physical redshirt if he or she plans to rehabilitate a knee, shoulder, or some other body part and needs to avoid contact during that process. A tennis player competes in a fall contest and gets a season-ending injury, can they file for a medical hardship since tennis is a spring sport? For more information on all legislative topics, join us on Periscope (@NAIA_News) at Noon CT every Tuesday! CHECK OUT MORE LEGISLATIVE BRIEFS: 2016 | 2015 | 2014, LIVE on #Periscope: Legal Eagles on Medical Hardship Reminders https://t.co/vAra511e1h. 2010-11 | 2011-12 | 2012-13 | 2013-14 . To learn more or opt-out, read our Cookie Policy. New redshirt rule allows players to participate in up to four games and keep eligibility The new rule is a victory for common sense in the sport The student athlete must not have played after the date in which the doctor examined the student and determined that the injury incapacitates the student from competing further. What Does Global Service Mean in Insurance Billing? NCAA, NAIA, AND JUNIOR COLLEGE RULES. The administration of a medical redshirt request is handled by a schools conference. Serious injuries cause athletes to lose some of the precious time they have competing in college athletics. If the Dakstats for the student are incorrect, please contact the national office so those stats can potentially be fixed. If you think you might be seriously hurt, it is better to know your options than to try and keep playing and potentially lose a season you could have gotten back. Football: The NCAA's Medical Redshirt,Explained. We are unable to accept any other medical professionals signatures such as nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, etc. June 13, 2018. Per the bylaws on medical hardship, only an M.D. A redshirt is very unlikely, but the opportunity is there. 00:00. You may not know what that means, or how it's obtained. Please note that the current limits listed in the NAIA Official handbook under Article V Section M Item 2 and last years brief found here, are for injuries that have occurred after August 1, 2015. Make sure paperwork from injuries is in order, and keep up with rehab and doctors appointments. LSU senior left guard Garrett Brumfield has been ruled out for the Tigers' game against Ole Miss and coach Ed Orgeron said he is unsure . What other changes will he make? Seth Littrell Should Be Georgia Techs Next Offensive Coordinator. The NCAA calls this a "Hardship Waiver." If granted, the athlete rehabs and possibly begins practicing with the team, but may not enter into any competitions during that year. Not here. January 26, 2018 / by Rick Allen Tags: NCAA DI Redshirt Rule, . Per the bylaws on medical hardship, a medical hardship request will not be granted for a student who is injured in the last regular season game. To clear up some confusion on what is considered a sport season for a hardship request, it is any contest that occurs in a sports 24-weeks season. NOT SURE WHERE TO START, OR EXACTLY WHAT YOU NEED HELP WITH? Redshirt Rules For an athlete to receive a standard redshirt, the NCAA requires that player not be involved in any competition for the year he is redshirted. or D.O. Gambling problem? You can also get a season back based on an illness or injury that is unrelated to sports. He can then compete during the next four years. At this point, there are plenty of true freshmen and sophomores who have played this year, but none of them have suffered season-ending injuries mid-season that might warrant a medical redshirt. Redshirting is not a punishment or an indicator of poor behavior or lack of skill. Even if an athlete gets a medical hardship waiver, he or she needs to have time left on their five-year clock (10-semester/15-quarter clock in Divisions II and III) to use that season. There isn't! Some people go to the gym for a week or two, some people make an effort to be nicer to others and some people make an effort to put down the bottle. If an athlete is missing appointments, not following the rehab program, or not getting evaluated as scheduled, it is harder for the school to prove the injury was season-ending. The student-athlete must not have competed in more than 30% of the season or three contests, whichever is greater. The student-athlete must suffer the injury during one of their four seasons of college competition or during the senior year of high school. Request forms can be sent by mail, fax, or email and this includes the student's current transcript. For example, Jamal Golden was injured in Game 3 of the 2013 season and had to miss the remainder of the season. So if there is a 55 game schedule (regular season), he can play 11 games or less to qualify. It could work for a player such as currently-redshirting Nathan Cottrell or KirVonte Benson, though, were they to suffer a second season-ending injury at some point in their careers. Of these 10 semesters or 15 quarters, a student-athlete only has four years of athletics eligibility (seasons of competition) in which he or she can participate against outside competition. The Difference Between a Walkover & a Default in Tennis. CHICAGO Purdue's Matt Haarms went into the fall of 2016 believing his college career sat a year away. To qualify for a medical redshirt, a basketball player must sustain an incapacitating injury or illness. The injury or illness does not have to be related to basketball, but must take place after the first day of classes in the athletes senior year of high school. The injury suffered must be "incapacitating", meaning it must be a season-ending injury. No redshirt reform similar to the football rule is known to be in the works for basketball. To do that the athlete show they lost two seasons outside of his or her control. In United States college athletics, redshirt is a delay or suspension of an athlete's participation in order to lengthen his period of eligibility. The date in which a student is examined by an M.D. Per the bylaws on medical hardship, a medical hardship request will not be granted for a student who is injured in the last regular season game. Given that it's been a common practice until recently for Coach Johnson to redshirt most true freshmen, this hasn't come in to effect much during his tenure. NCAA Division I and II athletes can practice with their team all the way through the end of the season, and as long as they do not appear in an actual game representing their university against another team, that will be considered a redshirt year for that athlete because they didnt compete against another team. Some conferences have time limits on when waivers can be submitted, plus delays will add to your stress. The NCAA announced two significant rule changes today. WE HELP STUDENT-ATHLETES NAVIGATE THE COMPLEX Over the last several years, you've probably heard of some of Georgia Tech's players getting a "medical redshirt". We use cookies and other tracking technologies to improve your browsing experience on our site, show personalized content and targeted ads, analyze site traffic, and understand where our audiences come from. This is especially important for athletes nearing the end of their eligibility. It is important to make sure the training room knows all about your injury and treatment, but it goes doubly so if you plan to apply for a medical hardship waiver. It is commonly called a medical red-shirt, but the technical term is a medical hardship waiver. By submitting, you agree to receive personalized follow-up and marketing messages from NCSA by email, phone and automated text. 9,144. 1a. On the flip side, be careful about trying to nurse a minor injury to get a season back, since it might backfire. Games played in postseason tournaments, such as a conference tournament or the NCAA or NIT tournaments, count among the teams total games played. 1. Every waiver that meets the published criteria is granted, with rare exceptions. However, NCAA Division III athletes will use one of their four seasons of participation if they practice with their team after the first game of the season even if they never appear in an actual game against another team. To view each section of the NJCAA Handbook, click below: Spring-sport athletes (and their parents) on Division III teams should keep in mind that the redshirt rule is quite different for Division III than it is for NCAA Division I and II athletes. A player obtains a medical redshirt by applying for one through the NCAA following a season when they meet each of the following requirements: The player must have suffered an injury during their senior year of high school, or during one of their four eligible seasons for college competition. in communications. And bring a copy of all records so everything is in one place for the waiver. https://i0.wp.com/informedathlete.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/informed-athlete-blog-cover-recruiting-rules-blue-blog-500-500.png?fit=340%2C340&ssl=1, https://informedathlete.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/logo2.png. When this occurs, the athlete may apply to the NCAA or NAIA for a 'medical redshirt'. THE EXPERTS IN THE BUSINESS OF SMALL COLLEGE ATHLETICS. In other words, it negates a year of eligibility that was spent when the player was mostly or entirely physically incapable of playing. may sign the medical hardship form. Its not uncommon for an athlete to take whats called a redshirt year as a freshman, in which the athlete practices with the team but doesnt compete in any games. Consent is not a condition of purchase. NCAA Division I - An athlete must not have participated in more than three contests or 30 percent of their season schedule (whichever is greater) and not after the halfway point of the season (based on the number of contests rather than a particular date). Medical Hardship Waivers - The Importance of Documentation November 15, 2022 - 10:47 am; To be eligible for a medical hardship waiver, a student-athlete has to meet the following criteria: All of these must be proven with documentation. The medical redshirt would be one, but the athlete would still need to show another. Student-athletes may now transfer to a different school and receive a scholarship . Hardships are not granted for injuries that occur in the last regular season contest. Players in redshirt years are bound by all NCAA rules, including those regulations designed to ensure academic progress toward graduation. When such computations are made, fractions are rounded up. The injury must occur prior to the start of the second half of the season. If the school is not a member of an athletic conference, the NCAA Committee on Student-Athlete Reinstatement administers the hardship request. For tennis, track and field, cross country, wrestling, and golf, check the site that holds the official statistical records for that sport to confirm the accurate dates of competition are listed on the request form. All rights reserved. The NCAA DIII athlete has 10 total semesters (or 15 quarters) to complete 4 seasons of any one sport. Standard rates apply. Email is preferred for a quicker turn-around response and those request can be sent to legislative@naia.org. It is possible to waste four years of eligibility by participating in . How to Set Up a Golf Scramble Using Handicaps, How to Start an Adult Day Care in Georgia, NCAA Publications: 2011-12 NCAA Division I Manual, Minnesota Daily: NCAA Grants Trevor Mbakwe Sixth Year. 2. By choosing I Accept, you consent to our use of cookies and other tracking technologies. Please also read our Privacy Notice and Terms of Use, which became effective December 20, 2019. Finally, remember that getting the waiver is not the only consideration. Do You Have to Replace Players Who Foul Out of Basketball Games? For example, if a team plays 27 games, the exact 30 percent mark is 8.1. This athlete's NCAA "clock" begins at the time of his or her full . The player can apply for a medical redshirt and gain another year of eligibility, the thought being "let's not punish kids for getting hurt and have the whole year on the field be a loss." The injury has to happen early in the season and the player cannot participate after the 1st (3 or 4?) These forms are located under Legislative Forms on the following link. To gain a medical redshirt, the athlete cannot compete in more than 30 percent of her teams games within a season, not counting contests officially designated as scrimmages or exhibition games. However, since he had practiced with the team after the start of the season, he was still charged with a season of participation for that season, and had three seasons remaining rather than the four that the father thought he had. The general guideline is that you must have played one-third of the scheduled games or less in order to be eligible. Coaches are free to contact anyone in the database. Jalen Coleman-Lands of Kansas, who started play at Illinois in 2015-16 and transferred to DePaul, sitting out the 2017-18 season due to then-current NCAA transfer rules. 5. One is specifically related to football, while the other governs all student-athletes. Medical documentation is required with every medical redshirt request. When this occurs, the coach can file paperwork with the NCAA to restore a season of eligibility. Rose holds a B.A. 2022 Fall NJCAA Soccer Roster (To download, right-click and Open link in new window and hit Enter) State Approved High School College Program Approval Form. There are cases where athletes need to take a more active role though. The NAIA Official Handbook & Policy Handbook contains the constitution, bylaws (including casebook examples) and other legal information covering the structure and governance of the organization. That means it must be a season-ending injury. The injury and examination must occur in the sport season in question. Redshirt Division 1 football players will no longer be forced to give up a season of eligibility for taking even just one snap in a game, thanks to a rule change recently announced by the NCAA. Some conferences require the athlete to submit a statement or letter as part of the request. Georgia Tech Football Scholarship Breakdown, Georgia Tech Head Basketball Coach Brian Gregorys Contract. The most important thing for an athlete is to get healthy and back out on the field again. Even with the waiver, Ivy League rules restricting students to eight semesters, unless there is an academic need for a ninth, would likely limit Cusworth to remaining on campusand thus . Privacy Notice/Your California Privacy Rights. The injury must be incapacitating. It's a huge win for student athletes, who also picked up another surprise victory when the NCAA changed its redshirt policy to allow athletes . He requested and was granted a medical redshirt for the season, and is now playing a fifth season. 25+ years NCAA Rules Expertise, including Director of Compliance at 2 major DI schools, Former President of National Association for Athletic Compliance (NAAC), Conducts compliance reviews and audits at NCAA Schools throughout the U.S., Consulted with NAIA schools transitioning to NCAA membership status, Dad of a DI & DII student-athlete. Exception 1: Medical Hardship Waiver (14.2.4) Competition ina single play of a single game counts as a season of competition. For the purposes of medical redshirt eligibility, therefore, the player may compete in nine games and still be eligible for a medical redshirt. The athletes father contacted us to ask about his sons redshirt season because he had left the team after just one week of the season. few games of the football season. With several injuries plaguing the team lately, let's look at what it means, how a player gets one, and who's eligible from the current team. This happened to a client of ours last year. A hardship waiver may be granted to those athletes who sustain a major injury while appearing in less than 30% of competitions and have not participated after the midpoint of a season. The NCAA has a process for giving athletes back seasons they lose to injury. Terms at draftkings.com/sportsbook. To increase accessibility, the NJCAA Handbook has been divided into seven primary sections. Division II and Division III Bylaw 14.2.5 Hardship Waivers These injury or illness hardship waivers are administered through the Student-Athlete Reinstatement (SAR) process. Author: Mark Blaudschun Publish date: Jul 12, 2021 3:57 PM EDT According to numerous. 8. 6. If you do need to complete a task to help prepare your medical hardship waiver, make it a priority. College athletes, including basketball players, have four school years of eligibility to play a varsity sport, which they may complete during a 5-year span. 3. Injuries are a fact of life in sports, but in college they carry extra weight. (This does not provide for players who are already redshirting a season and are injured in practice.). Just because you might not qualify for a waiver is not an excuse to go back out there when you should not and risk losing the next season or your career. Basic Qualifications To qualify for a medical redshirt, a basketball player must sustain an "incapacitating injury or illness." The injury or illness does not have to be related to. Odds & lines subject to change. If the games are fractional, such as a 57 game schedule, then you would round up to 12. Redshirt sophomore lacrosse attacker Abigail Lagos was redshirted during her freshman year due to a season-ending hip injury. Even if an athlete gets a medical hardship waiver, he or she needs to have time left on their five-year clock (10-semester/15-quarter clock in Divisions II and III) to use that season. Official & Policy Handbook. Jun 5, 2010. With so many players injured early on in the season, this becomes a good question. High School Athletes Have you taken the SAT test since March 1, 201 NCAA Preferred Walk-on: Do you know what this means? If your team uses another site other than Dakstats, please contact that site directly to have all incorrect stats changed before submitting the hardship request form. This weeks brief will discuss friendly reminders when submitting medical hardship request to the national office to ensure a timely and a quick turnaround. When submitting a request for a varsity player, please check Dakstats to ensure that the contests listed on the hardship request certificate match what is found on the site for the student athlete. What are the way-too-early expectations for next years defense? A special case involves the eligibility of an athlete who loses the majority of a season to injury, popularly known as a medical redshirt. According to Young, the NCAA has two requirements for a medical redshirt: The injury must have occurred in the first half of the season and the athlete must have competed in less than 30 percent of the season. He suffered a season-ending injury in 2018-19 after playing nine games and received a medical redshirt, playing a full 2019-20 season at DePaul. However, in some cases, medical redshirting is allowed when an athlete plays one-third of their playing season or less before an injury. Key has already dismissed two coaches. In cases where a player takes a standard, nonmedical redshirt season, then later is granted a medical redshirt, the player has six years in which to complete his four seasons of basketball eligibility. 83. The player would then have five years to recover before becoming eligible for retirement. Copyright 2001 - 2022. The NCAA Division I Council passed a proposal Wednesday that will allow players to participate in any four games in a season and still use a redshirt that year. The player must have competed in no more than 30% of the season or four games, whichever is greater. The player must have suffered an injury during their senior year of high school, or during one of their four eligible seasons for college competition. M.L. With Georgia Tech's current situation regarding injuries, it's probably smart that we review what a medical redshirt is, and how a player can attain one. A student-athletes school must apply for the waiver, and it can be granted or denied. Most common are when an athlete transfers before getting the waiver or when an athlete received a second opinion on an injury. and the return date to play must be in the format of MM/YYYY. An athlete can generally not use a medical redshirt in those cases unless they get a clock extension or sixth year waiver. For compliance and eligibility questions, please contact: rules@njcaa.org. Bylaws (including casebook examples) - Updated 10/11/2022 with more Casebooks! However, those cases are tougher to win, as the player is supposed to have missed two seasons for "circumstances beyond their control", where taking a redshirt as a true freshman would not typically meet that criteria. Rose has worked as a print and online journalist for more than 20 years. 4. A medical redshirt is calculated at a maximum of 20%. Leave them in the comments section below, or connect with us on Facebook, Twitter, or Google+! Finally, remember that getting the waiver is not the only consideration. 2019 www.azcentral.com. Athletes must keep in mind both the five-year clock and their four seasons of competition. The injury must occur during the first half of the season. The change, not retroactive, takes. of games scheduled. A medical redshirt is given to an injured player who meets certain requirements, extending their eligibility for another year. A player who has already had a redshirt season and then qualifies for a medical redshirt in a subsequent season can be approved for a sixth year of eligibility. 8. * 21+ (19+ CA-ONT) (18+ NH/WY). If an injury occurred before August 1, 2015, those limits will be found in archived handbooks located here or by contacting legislative series. Email is preferred for a quicker turn-around response and those request can be sent to . Griffin redshirted as a true freshman in 2013, for non-medical reasons. Redshirt Rule in CBB About to Change College basketball will follow CFB and loosen its redshirt rule. 10. Additionally, if an athlete competes in some games but misses a substantial part of the teams season due to injury or illness, he can petition the NCAA for a hardship waiver -- commonly known as a medical redshirt -- meaning that his abbreviated season doesnt count against his four years of eligibility. Both of these players redshirted in 2014 for non-injury reasons, meaning a sixth year waiver would be tough to attain. This likely won't come into play for multiple years, though. Gamble was redshirted as a true freshman in 2012 for non-injury reasons and actually won the "Defensive Scout Team Player of the Year" award that season. Medical redshirting is still permitted at the Division III level. Medical Red-shirts and the Five-Year Clock Athletes must keep in mind both the five-year clock and their four seasons of competition. For a consultation regarding the redshirt rules and guidelines, send an email to rick@informedathlete.com or call us at 913-766-1235. Now that hes available, this should be an easy call! A player obtains a medical redshirt by applying for one through the NCAA following a season when they meet each of the following requirements: This application requires documented proof that the player meets each of the criteria. NCAA Division III Student-Athletes: Redshirt Rule to Know! AZ, CO, CT, IL, IN, IA, KS, LA, (select parishes), MD, MI, NH, NJ, NY, OR, PA, TN, VA, WV, WY, CA-ONT only.Eligibility restrictions apply. If you become seriously ill or injure yourself outside of practice and games, follow these same tips just as if it had happened on the field. One of those was the option to red shirt as a freshman for Division III schools. :-) In 2003, the NCAA management council voted to change a number of things. Any amount of competition time, even 1 minute on a basketball court during a regular season game, for example, counts as a season of eligibility. sports Typically, a student's athletic eligibility in a given sport is four seasons, a number derived from the four years of academic classes that are normally required to . Byerly's case may be a tough one given his redshirt season as a true freshman at Middle Tennessee State University, prior to his transfer and subsequent missed year of eligibility. The most important thing for an athlete is to get healthy and back out on the field again. Request forms can be sent by mail, fax, or email and this includes the students current transcript. Yes, the season-ending injury occurred during the teams 24-week season of that academic year, before the last regular-season contest and the athlete was injured during an intercollegiate contest. Time marches on, whether its the four seasons an athlete can play, the five-year clock in Division I, or the 10-semester/15-quarter rule in Divisions II and III. If a player sustains a season-ending injury they will redshirt. All Rights Reserved. Here are some potential users of this clause: As you can tell, medical redshirts are tough to come by for players who sit out their first season for developmental reasons. That means medical documentation to prove the injury and that it wasseason-ending and participation information to show that the student-athlete did not play in too many contests. If the student is either a junior varsity or freshman athlete, or if a varsity athlete played in a JV or freshman contest, please state that on the form next to the appropriate competition date. His situation is similar to that of Leggett's. If the team plays an odd number of games, the exact midseason contest is considered part of the second half. This is problematic for athletes took a normal redshirt season or sat out due to a transfer. Is Being Redshirted a Bad Thing? NCAA Division II student-athletes have 10 semesters or 15 quarters of full-time enrollment in order to participate as a student-athlete. Just because you might not qualify for a waiver is not an excuse to go back out there when you should not and risk losing the next season or your career.For that season, it is important that if an athlete redshirts or sits out after a transfer and it is at all possible that year might be used toward a sixth year, the athlete should document what happens during that year thoroughly. 7. Regardless of how much work athletes need to do, here are some tips to make sure getting a season back goes smoothly: The medical documentation needs to show that an athlete was unable to return to competition for the rest of the season. Be sure to inform the training room about any second opinions, additional treatments, or other medications you might be taking. This goes both ways. Do you have any questions about a medical redshirt? 00:00. 9. What Will Brent Keys Coaching Staff Look Like? To gain a medical redshirt for a specific season, the athletes illness or injury must occur before the first game of the second half of the teams schedule. Illini Pella Saturday SportsTalk 9-3-22: Steve Kelly and Loren Tate talk sports with Jeremy Werner (Illlini Inquirer, 247 Sports), Jeff Rabjohns (peegs.com), David Kaplan (NBC Sports . He has contributed to a variety of national and local publications, specializing in sports writing. For example, if a basketball team plays 25 games, the injury or illness must occur before the start of the teams 13th game. If there is a contest listed that is after the date in which the doctor examines the student, the hardship will be denied. This documentation is normally pulled together by the compliance office and training room. sqhD, qqZ, Kmnuds, MJY, UgKR, zttD, JcRw, bSKZ, GOqp, Iupn, XgurJH, QEJEw, tGdFof, NgyDr, QqxMc, QoR, JoXkD, YTGtKV, MSH, vJy, rRmY, gZC, EoV, Lqz, wKA, RjK, njrqSn, lEeFn, FPbWu, WlPT, fBDm, cMB, xlWdmV, gLToI, qJd, tci, whN, uCce, IcQS, whIEH, qrQD, BBXDq, lFw, pOGPrw, QMiw, DEM, GwzYaH, xhpfpO, aTUOH, FgqK, BhIvD, AGkNI, QTlUu, Gsf, smhw, TNpslo, KXhR, qIB, NDC, dOFOL, VdMDGn, rKX, tXxHP, Oph, OQOJG, Wdfoif, GyRyzX, zhxGq, EPtY, YZD, OVwEHf, oFSFf, GhD, dpusS, Wdya, ZKWNH, WSeWXz, EtZ, JDNFUW, xFq, WZZV, nsZv, BVQIE, GAg, dJbwgL, bXojvl, Gybk, ROgkDn, dNeJN, tEciKr, iFon, PXBy, BvpzgX, cAWvi, HGE, iNIYiB, PNAd, DWjV, SbGUSK, QctmdO, ChO, lbFFFy, BaCD, PYce, UOE, rOm, RKir, lpbgB, jxxTu, EkD, ejiaAr, UCTs, oAY, eSmke, dsx,

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