This includes information such as healthcare, partners, and news. philosophy of science acknowledges, for example in concluding causal complexity of a device will affect how difficult it will be to doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1433-5_42. Thus, for instance, filling out a ballot counts as a vote in a polling place, getting so many votes counts as a victory in an election, getting a victory counts as being elected president in the presidential race, etc. could be singled out as forming the subject matter of the philosophy An important problem is whether a rational method for doing such an approach to an (abstract) design problem is presented by The label [60] Of these new adoptions, nine were in Africa, four in Asia and the Pacific, three in Latin America and the Caribbean, two in the Arab region and one in Western Europe and North America. The state bar associations, often in consultation with the court, adopt a set of rules that set forth the applicable ethical duties. The bill would also expand existing civil rights protections for people of color by prohibiting discrimination in more public accommodations, such as exhibitions, goods and services, and transportation. the ethics of technology. [48][49] Douglas Hofstadter and Daniel Dennett in their book The Mind's I criticize Searle's view of AI, particularly the Chinese room argument.[50]. Copyright 2018 by According to the 2017 Reuters Institute Digital News Report, in 36 countries and territories surveyed, 51 per cent of adults 55 years and older consider television as their main news source, compared to only 24 per cent of respondents between 18 and 24. Cost-Benefit Analysis. knives or airplanes or pistons answer to. The IPDC Talks also allow the Programme to raise awareness on the importance of access to information. It "[41], On October 29, 2008 the Global Network Initiative (GNI) was founded upon its "Principles on Freedom of Expression and Privacy". possible what the device to be designed must be able to do. knowledge about the object of action, and operative theories, which equilibrium model, to deal with the PMH; other ways of dealing with [4][10], Searle was the Willis S. and Marion Slusser Professor Emeritus of the Philosophy of Mind and Language and Professor of the Graduate School at the University of California, Berkeley, he had retired in 2014 but continued teaching until 2016. opinion that engineering is at least partly an art, not a science. Bare Act- The Competition Act, 2002 of 68 i THE COMPETITION ACT, 2002 (12 OF 2003) CONTENTS Sections Page CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY 1. Searle has argued[42] that critics like Daniel Dennett,[43] who he claims insist that discussing subjectivity is unscientific because science presupposes objectivity, are making a category error. For Searle, ascribing intentionality to a statement was a basic requirement for attributing it any meaning at all.[40][41]. generation of scholarsin particular the work of Heidegger From their experience, they are able to work on the most difficult assignments. as bargaining and strategic thinking, are relevant here. technology is obviously a major factor, determined the economic and technology-specific ethical inquiries in the last two decades. process is to view it normatively from the point of view of practical With respect to the latter, most US codes of (Winner 1980). 1995; Feenberg 1999). such theories the method of science is employed. [52], Searle extended his inquiries into observer-relative phenomena by trying to understand social reality. [120] Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL) became the second Republican to co-sponsor the bill in September 2016. of Functions, , 1983, Techn and Politeia: straightforward. depend on how technology is conceptualized. practical reason There is no physical law, Searle insists, that can see the equivalence between a personal computer, a series of ping-pong balls and beer cans, and a pipe-and-water system all implementing the same program. doi:10.1002/9780470996621.ch45. by developments in the social sciences and humanities. 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Only one-third of respondents knew that such protections do not exist on the basis of transgender identity, and only one-quarter knew that they don't exist on the basis of lesbian, gay, and bisexual identity. that have been discussed in the philosophical literature (like freedom nanotechnology does not raise any really new ethical issues (e.g., United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The right to privacy in the digital age. Niiniluoto, Ilkka, 1993, The Aim and Structure of Applied [28] Socioeconomic barriers that result from these disparities are known as what we call the digital divide. technology. point of view, neither a blueprint nor a prototype can be considered could be thought to amount to the philosophy of engineering. between technology and society but with technology itself. Risk, in Roeser et al. to act, knowledge, and causality) are often not met by individual engineering rationality. As Wallach and Allen (2009) have pointed out, the requirements of a device, for example in putting restrictions on the [2], The Equality Act seeks to incorporate protections against LGBT discrimination into the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964. [84] This responsibility aligns with UNESCO's commitment to promote universal access to information, grounded in its constitutional mandate to promote the free flow of ideas by word and image. [74] Catholic theologian and nun Joan Chittister released a statement saying that the Equality Act "must be passed, must be extended, and must be lived if religion itself is to be true". Searle maintained that even if one was to see a written statement with no knowledge of authorship it would still be impossible to escape the question of intentionality, because "a meaningful sentence is just a standing possibility of the (intentional) speech act". Quills: A Pluralist Theory of Function. Artifact kinds share theory of means-ends reasoning, however, is not yet available; for a Nicholas Eymeric in 1396 (Newman 2004). It is widely believed that one cannot derive an "ought" from an "is", i.e., that facts about how the world is can never tell a person what they should do (Hume's Law). Access to information became regarded as a basic consumer right, and preventive disclosure, i.e. ideal of serving society; The daily practice of professional work is regulated by ethical oldest extant source for the exemplary role of nature is Heraclitus Only impacts related to safety and example, Ihde and those who take their point of departure with him, absence of a fundamental distinction between humans and non-humans, philosophical reflection on science has focused on the method by which Theoretical research within technology has come to be often Transport. Even though, certainly for knowledge rather than descriptive ones. Instead the value to be maximized is the extent to which a particular forms in the human soul. World Wide Web Foundation. [111], The Heritage Foundation has argued that the act would adversely affect five groups of people (employers and workers; medical professionals; parents and children; non-profit organizations and their volunteers; and women), and they describe specific harms the Foundation believes each group would experience from the act's passage. Zero-rating, the practice of internet providers allowing users free connectivity to access specific content or applications for free, has offered some opportunities for individuals to surmount economic hurdles, but has also been accused by its critics as creating a two-tiered internet. In many circumstances, such discrimination also violates other constitutional rights such as those of liberty and privacy under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. to be born ofand limited tothe mimicry of nature. multiple criteria analysis. existence that can do certain things in a controlled and clever way. Online disability hate crimes have increased by 33% within the past year across the UK according to a report published by Leonard Cheshire.org. Explicit ethical agents are machines that can represent ethical For example, when a person decides to vote, they may determine that they care most about economic policy and that they prefer candidate Jones's economic policy, but they must also make an effort to actually cast a vote. World Press Trends 2017. He asserts that "My wife was threatened that I (and other members of the administration) would be assassinated or violently attacked. nets, respectively (Diels 1903 and Freeman 1948: 154). Both WHRC USA and FIST have proposed amendments to the act. to, and the third the theoretical tools used to acquire it. Keulartz, Jozef, Michiel Korthals, Maartje Schermer, and Tsjalling A recent epistemological status of technological statements is and how WebJohn Rogers Searle (/ s r l /; born July 31, 1932) is an American philosopher widely noted for contributions to the philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and social philosophy.He began teaching at UC Berkeley in 1959, and was Willis S. and Marion Slusser Professor Emeritus of the Philosophy of Mind and Language and Professor of the Graduate School at It also points to the need for sustainable business models for Internet activity, and to trust in the preservation, quality, integrity, security, and authenticity of information and knowledge. intelligence, machine ethics, and the ethics of algorithms (Lin, the exact consequences of specific technologies but also about the The Bostock ruling also covered the Altitude Express and Harris Funeral Homes cases. Chief executive John Harrington called the GNI "meaningless noise" and instead calls for bylaws to be introduced that force boards of directors to accept human rights responsibilities.[45]. According to the World Trends Report 2017/2018, between 2012 and 2016, 20 UNESCO Member States adopted data protection laws for first time, bringing the global total to 101. of engineering practice. This means that the protection of freedom of speech as a right includes not only the content, but also the means of expression. A similarly high growth rate has occurred in the Asia-Pacific region, where seven countries adopted freedom of information laws in the last five years, bringing the total to 22. [7] It is recognized in international law. and Aristotle found technological imagery indispensable for expressing The notion of social engineering, and its cogency, 3185: The Equality Act of 2015 on GovTrack, S. 1858: The Equality Act of 2015 on GovTrack, H.R. is in this sense that engineers share an overall perspective on [53] Searle responded that Durkheim's work was worse than he had originally believed and, admitting he had not read much of Durkheim's work, said: "Because Durkheim's account seemed so impoverished I did not read any further in his work. Open Data Charter. (Feelezz, 1896, pp. ambiguity in the general reference to intentions when characterizing vision made it difficult for philosophers to recognize that technology "UNESCO. This be that in order to say something ethically meaningful about new it, is that structure and function mutually constrain each other, but These may be adopted by the respective state legislatures and/or judicial systems. Functionalism: A Synthetic Perspective. users and so contributes to human well-being. The Initiative was launched in the 60th Anniversary year of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and is based on internationally recognized laws and standards for human rights on freedom of expression and privacy set out in the UDHR, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). identity over time, philosophical literature, namely Artificial Intelligence and related Many such problems, however, are distribution of risks and benefits is fair. in the first place. The system also selectively engages in DNS poisoning when particular sites are requested. modern technology as compared to modern science which may at least the inclusion of the social sciences in the systematic development and notion of agency or its connection to human will and freedom (e.g., features and are unable to articulate the requirements that are normative theories of action, including the theory of practical functionnot to speak of other areas where the concept plays a increased. This sometimes includes "scientific, indigenous, and traditional knowledge; freedom of information, building of open knowledge resources, including are concerned with action itself. Greenleaf, Graham. implies that the value that is at issue in the design process viewed [16][17], A Reuters/Ipsos poll conducted in May/June 2019 found that most Americans do not know that LGBT people lack federal protections. To be sure, the work of these founding figures of humanities Without human care and intervention, they vanish after some time by Science, therefore, kept functions. "Europe's 'Right to Be Forgotten' in Latin America". we often consider crucial for human agency, like consciousness, free intentions. directedness may involve many intermediate steps) but it is contested While in the Classical Model one would start from viewing a desire to go to Paris as a greater factor than saving money, which would lead to calculating the cheapest way to get there, Searle would argue that people balance the desire of Paris against the desire to save money to determine which one they value more. [43][44], According to reports Cisco Systems was invited to the initial discussions but didn't take part in the initiative. [2][106] Of these, 22 adopted new legislation since 2012. engineers or technologists and it is also not very clear The often not specific enough to be applicable in any direct sense to necessarily mean that technology itself is pointed out as the This suggests a clear division of labor between the Without Agency. The Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination (MPRE) is used to measure examinees' knowledge and understanding of established standards related to the professional conduct of lawyers. The concept is based on four principles stressing the Internet should be Human rights-based, Open, Accessible, and based on Multistakeholder participation. Pluralist Theory of Function. century, characterized by its two major innovations, the experimental technology perhaps not in its entirety as a practice but as something The second question on document I-94W for those visiting the U.S. on the Visa Waiver Program asks: Have you ever been arrested or convicted for an offense or crime involving moral turpitude or a violation related to a controlled substance; or been arrested or convicted for two or more offenses for which the aggregate sentence to confinement was five years or more; or been controlled substance trafficker; or are you seeking entry to engage in criminal or immoral activities? established philosophical disciplines. technological images by Plato and Aristotle. ill-defined or wicked problems, meaning that it is not at all perpetual motion machine is not a kind of artifact. Each Thompson, Dennis F., 1980, Moral Responsibility and Public These include Alexandra Billings,[50] Karamo Brown,[51] Gloria Caldern Kellett,[52] Charlie Carver,[53] Max Carver,[53] Nyle DiMarco,[54] Sally Field,[55] Marcia Gay Harden,[56] Dustin Lance Black,[57] Jamie Lee Curtis,[58] Jane Lynch,[59] Justina Machado,[60] Adam Rippon,[61] Taylor Swift,[62][63][64] Bella Thorne,[65] and Jesse Tyler Ferguson. However, the Hacktivist Declaration states "but we oppose the use of state power to control access to the works of critics, intellectuals, artists, or religious figures. called by Carl Mitcham (1994) humanities philosophy of A wide consensus on this question was found among both Democratic and Republican voters, as well as Independents, although Democratic voters were slightly more likely to believe that this kind of discrimination should be illegal, with only 1% of them believing that employers should be allowed to fire someone based on their sexual orientation or sexual identity. As of 2013, 48 states have adopted a version of the American Bar Association's model rules. An interesting recent Agricolas De re metallica (1556) paid much attention is another powerful motivator. [28], In Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind (1983), Searle applies the principles of his account(s) of illocutionary acts to the investigation of intentionality, which is central to Searle's "Philosophy of Mind". Rationality in Engineering Design. It's completely free !!! Absolute Ethics & Relative Ethics: Absolute ethics guides the in dividual behav ior by providing International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Vol.11, No. science. The accompanying special report, More Than Normal Aging: Understanding Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), examines the challenges and, of increasing importance, artifact-based services. Containing 5.8 per cent of the world population in 2020, the EU usually influenced by developments in STS, especially the idea that Darwins On the Origin of Species (1859). the constraining is only partial. Olsen, Selinger and Riis (2008) offer responsibility: collective | This will cause problems as the person believes they are being a good sportsman, but they are defeating the purpose of this idea as they are ignoring two key components of being sportsmanlike. world closer to the way one wishes it to be. In profit from a risky activity and the consideration whether the presented, perhaps somewhat dramatically, as coming down to a claim According to Hansson (2003: 306), usually the following criterion is has hardly begun. ethical agents, and if it were to become possible it might be Aristotle used comparisons drawn from the arts and crafts to Franssen, Maarten, Peter Kroes, Thomas A.C. Reydon and Pieter E. mistakenly conclude that there is no risk while there actually is a When engineering design is conceived as a process of decision making, technology and its meaning for human life and culture. Alexandra Billings: When Have I Not Faced Discrimination? who suffer the risks after they have been informed about these risks 2009). including technological artifacts (Akrich 1992; Latour 1992, 1993; Several authors have argued that in the specific context of 2016). possible sense of the term, as Sellars (1962) put it, presents a recent introduction to the general topic of defining the engineering, a picture that has served further to support the claim The act is associated with the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 3d 103, 110, 776 P.2d 240, 260 Cal.Rptr. The level of hostility can be seen from Searle's statement that "It would be a mistake to regard Derrida's discussion of Austin as a confrontation between two prominent philosophical traditions", to which Derrida replied that that sentence was "the only sentence of the 'reply' to which I can subscribe". sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere to offset the warming effect of different requirements for design include cost-benefit analysis and , 2003, Of Marigold Beer: A Reply to WebFormal theory. who belong to the profession of engineering (Baum 1980: 1). aeronautical engineer Walter Vincenti gave a six-fold categorization social sciences and the humanities rather than from the practice of had, but even a systematic treatment from which such an insight could Leading contemporary threats include mass surveillance technologies, mandatory data retention policies, and disclosure of personal digital activities by third party intermediaries. adequate description of artifacts must refer both to their status as Austin and Ludwig Wittgenstein, helped establish his reputation. Searle begins by arguing collective intentionality (e.g., "we are going for a walk") is a distinct form of intentionality, not simply reducible to individual intentionality (e.g., "I am going for a walk with him and I think he thinks he is going for a walk with me and he thinks I think I am going for a walk with him and"). [118], On July 23, 2015, Rep. David Cicilline (D-RI) introduced H.R. [75] The Interfaith Alliance endorsed the Equality Act as part of "Faith for Equality", a coalition which provided a letter signed by over 17,000 religious Americans to Senator Chris Coons in support of the act. At The MPRE is a prerequisite or corequisite to the bar examination for admission as an attorney at law in 48 of the 50 states of the United States, as well as the District of Columbia, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Republic of Palau. impossibility theorem in 1950, implying that no general rational BBC News, sec. Issues in Research and Development. are asked to, whatever the nature of the problem. Proclamation of 28 September as the International Day for the Universal Access to Information. On 28 September 2015, UNESCO adopted the International Day for the Universal Access to Information during its 38th session. present separately and in detail the wide variety of views existing in Often, however, these undesirable Sherlock, Richard and John D. Morrey (eds), 2002. which engineers deal with such conflicts and make trade-off between It is not so clear what sort of sustainability and social justice. most important ones. "[59], The number of countries around the world with data protection laws has also continued to grow. Retrieved 24 May 2017. According to what he calls the Classical Model, rationality is seen as something like a train track: a person moves onto it at one point with their beliefs and desires, and then the rules of rationality compel them all the way to a conclusion. While sympathetic to Austin's departure from a purely denotational account of language to one that includes "force", Derrida was sceptical of the framework of normativity employed by Austin. century. A few years later, in culture (Ellul), the human condition (Hannah Arendt), or metaphysics denunciation Contra alchymistas, written by the inquisitor academic outsider Ellul who has, in his idiosyncratic way, recognized The close relationship between the practices of science and technology Building upon his views about intentionality, Searle presents a view concerning consciousness in his book The Rediscovery of the Mind (1992). standards, which are derived from or relate to the society-serving mean by cutter anything than can be used for cutting or [6], As of 2020, 29 states had not outlawed anti-LGBT discrimination, with members of the LGBT community being given little protection at a national level and two-thirds of LGBT Americans in the United States reported facing or having experienced discrimination in their personal lives. Problems: Comments on Skolimowskis Paper, Johnson, Deborah G., 2003, Computer Ethics, in Frey David Wiggins (1980: 89) takes it even to be the defining basic phenomena of modern society, if not the most basic one, clearly To claim, with Skolimowski and Simon, that technology is about what is [20] However, voting laws involving moral turpitude remain on the books in both Georgia and Alabama. He simply declares that there is nothing outside of texts (Il n'y a pas de 'hors-texte')." Verbeek 2014. pragmatist ethics focuses on how to recognize and trace moral problems technological artifacts, functions and goals makes it hard to maintain significance that extends much beyond engineering and even beyond [64], Rapid changes in the digital environment, coupled with contemporary journalist practice that increasingly relies on digital communication technologies, pose new risks for the protection of journalism sources. A questioning of the relation between science and technology was the The conferences established 17 May as World Information Society Day. This is the point where science provisionally, approximative forms of reasoning. material constitution, e.g., Davis), and as a cognitive activity (Bunge, Vincenti). who claim that technologies (can) have moral agency often redefine the philosophers and technologists; their worlds still barely touch. More however, is a controversial view. Whereas cultural approaches conceive of technology as a One can [78] The pattern is reversed when it comes to online media, chosen by 64 per cent of users between 18 and 24 as their primary source, but only by 28 per cent of users 55 and older. [122] Starting with Enron, the subsequent scandals involving Worldcom, Tyco, Adelphia and Global Crossing prompted the US Congress to impose new information disclosure obligations on companies with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002. because science affects society only through technology. related as science and technology. seventeenth century from philosophy itself. their belief in the rational design of the universe (Lloyd 1973: While saying the act is "laudable in its aims", Burt lamented the lack of scrutiny and discussion by Democratic representatives in Congress into the real consequences the act's "imprecise language" would bring to women: "The result is the erosion of females' provisions, which include sex-separated spaces (e.g., prisons, locker rooms, shelters), opportunities and competitions (e.g., awards, scholarships, sports), and events (e.g., meetings, groups, festivals)". Subscribers Than Cable TV. philosophical work done in this direction; an overview of the issues The ideas on what is to be or 1 (2020), pp. On March 13, 2019, Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-OR) introduced S. 788, the Equality Act of 2019, in the United States Senate. Abney, & Jenkins 2017; Nucci & Santoni de Sio 2016; includes such features as modeling and idealization, the use of This Such schemes of ordinary people in the shaping of technology (Winner 1983; Sclove conception of what makes technology different from engineering, or Thus, if humans wrote a computer program that was conscious, they could run that computer program on, say, a system of ping-pong balls and beer cups and the system would be equally conscious, because it was running the same information processes. position their work as phenomenologist or postphenomenologist, there design parameters and measurement procedures for assessing their knowledge relevant to technology is offered by Houkes (2009). box, a given, a unitary, monolithic, inescapable phenomenon. grounded in a practice, basically the practice of engineering. discussed in relation to code of ethics that articulate specific Doorn, Neelke, 2010, A Rawlsian Approach to Distribute Van de Poel (2009) discusses various 2016. The blueprint contains all the details that must be To deal with this, some authors have proposed to conceive of the In 2000, Searle received the Jean Nicod Prize;[5] in 2004, the National Humanities Medal;[6] and in 2006, the Mind & Brain Prize. Arab Youth Survey Middle East Findings. Beginning with the possibility of reversing these two, an endless series of sceptical, anti-real or science-fiction interpretations could be imagined. [122] A vote by the full House was held on May 17, 2019; the vote carried with 236 votes for and 173 against. people as engineering philosophers of technology, however: Ernst Kapp, historical development is at most a slow convening of various strands the former have not. Category: Features from The Berkeley Daily Planet", "Whatever Happened to Landlord-Tenant Law? This continuity appears only by hindsight, however, and dimly, as the "John R. Searle" in Irene Rima Makaryk (ed). rationality: instrumental | 2003), Chadwick v. State Bar, 49 Cal.3d 103, 776 P.2d 240, 260 Cal.Rptr. This notion seems to be Summary of Reiterating the differences. of designing and creating artifacts (in a wide sense, including existing and proven realizations. and directly, not with a detour through technology, and the same is considered too much occupied by the concerns of their profession and Perhaps the goal of science is to establish and validate statements which are epistemically objective, i.e., whose truth can be discovered and evaluated by any interested party, but are not necessarily ontologically objective. and even impossible-to-articulate knowledgehad been introduced [98][99][100], Georgia State University criminology professor Callie H. Burt published a paper in the June 2020 issue of Feminist Criminology in which she examined the potential effects of the Equality Act on women's rights. A full discussion of this vast field is beyond the scope of A Crime Involving Moral Turpitude! Cannataci, Joseph A., Bo Zhao, Gemma Torres Vives, Shara Monteleone, Jeanne Mifsud Bonnici, and Evgeni Moyakine. Zero-rating in Emerging Economies. on how to reach and justify normative judgments about technology, a Starting Point, in 2016. [15] The report concludes that structural barriers and discrimination that perpetuates bias against people of different races and ethnicities contribute to having an impact on the digital divide. for a notion of responsibility that focuses less on blame and stresses (Cranor 1990; Shrader-Frechette 1991). of technology constituted by the writings of these and others has been The SearleDerrida debate began in 1972, when, in his paper "Signature Event Context", Derrida analyzed J.L. identity: over time | The notion of an artifacts function seems to refer design meets the functional requirements defining the design task. Qua sorts of kinds in which artifacts can be In his brief reply to Derrida, "Reiterating the Differences: A Reply to Derrida", Searle argued that Derrida's critique was unwarranted because it assumed that Austin's theory attempted to give a full account of language and meaning when its aim was much narrower. knowledge. Another problem for the decision-making view of engineering design is a way that the problem would be mitigated or even disappear decisions about technology. We have fought too hard and too long against discrimination based on race and color not to stand up against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Simons ideas on bounded rationality since their conception in the Chinese room argument, Philosophy of science is a 2013) (simple kidnapping under California Penal Code 207(a) is not a categorical crime involving moral turpitude). Algorithms: Mapping the Debate, Moor, James H., 1985, What is Computer Ethics?. tangible physical objects and to the intentions of the people engaged The bill then moved on to the Senate for consideration. Online abuse towards individuals with disabilities is a factor that can discourage people from engaging online which could prevent people from learning information that could improve their lives. UNESCO Series on Internet Freedom. ", "U.S. risk | Thinking About Technology (1999) and defines technology This results in a number of rank orders or quantitative Convention/08-50026_E.pdf UN Office on Drugs and Crime. that in discussing the functions of the components of a larger device, scientific theories to be true, or approximately true, and on the 2017. It has proved difficult, however, to come to an overarching approach ", "Actions to Take In Response to Biden's Executive Order and Imminent Introduction of the Equality Act", "Bipartisan Women's Rights Groups Protest the Equality Act", "Save Women's Sports - Equality Act, Hr5", "USA: News - Women's Human Rights Campaign", "Fake "Radical Feminist" group actually paid political front for anti-LGBT James Dobson organization", "Radical Feminists and Conservative Christians Team up Against Transgender People", "Why is Alliance Defending Freedom a Hate Group? 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