Another definition is "Foliate ornament, used in the Islamic world, typically using leaves, derived from stylised half-palmettes, which were combined with spiralling stems". The coming together of these three forms creates the Arabesque, and this is a reflection of unity arising from diversity; a basic tenet of Islam. Greeks and Romans influenced Arab architecture in the structure and form of the arch. An Islamic floral pattern is a style of arabesque or biomorphic art. T3=?w] Ay 0Ld`($Q+' In Ottoman art the large and feathery leaves called saz became very popular, and were elaborated in drawings showing just one or more large leaves. [7] Mistakes in repetitions may be intentionally introduced as a show of humility by artists who believe only Allah can produce perfection, although this theory is disputed. Many walls in mosques are inscribed with beautiful calligraphy of Quranic verses, especially since pictures were not allowed. 364 0 obj <> endobj This type of artistic expression, meant that the artist used a base unit, a leaf or a flower, deprived of its natural form so as not to give a sense of weakness and death, and transformed into stylized forms that indicate a feeling of existence and eternity. endstream endobj 369 0 obj <>stream Entire cities and neighborhoods in Egypt were specialized in creating arabesque works, which formed what looked like art workshops or educational schools for this craft, but unfortunately, it began to disappear more than half a century ago. Marks, Richard and Williamson, Paul, eds. The density of Arabesque decorations is wonderfully oriented and harmonious, suggesting this belonged to someone important, maybe royalty. Instead of recalling something related to the 'True Reality' (the reality of the spiritual world), Islam considers calligraphy a visible expression of the highest art of all; the art of the spoken word (the transmittal of thoughts and of history). The Arabs, however, were the ones to develop and add to the arch. Arabesque plays an integral role for in the manufacturing of furniture with its carefully crafted patterns. An error occurred trying to load this video. &.N:0x,U*H'1i#`mi.Tf D+< HK(@(oaQELxK? o@q!DJ&6K^?. ]bqi"w8=8YWf8}3aK txg^+v!a{Bhk 5YliFeT?}YV-xBmN(}H)&,# o0 [10] The detailed study of Islamic arabesque forms was begun by Alois Riegl in his formalist study Stilfragen: Grundlegungen zu einer Geschichte der Ornamentik (Problems of style: foundations for a history of ornament) of 1893, who in the process developed his influential concept of the Kunstwollen. In Venice, it was adapted into a form called the moresque that incorporated scrolling and decorative leaf-like patterns and was used especially on decorative gilt book covers, with gilt being a surface decorated with elements covered in very thin layers of gold. endstream endobj 368 0 obj <>stream The past and current usage of the term in respect of European art is confused and inconsistent. H\j0~ Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. However, specialists call the meaning of the wo, following land routes for their trade activities, they did not, Believers are currently concentrated from the West coast of, increasing in numbers, largely at the expense, as the last of the Prophets was to formalize and c, supreme ruler, the one who is pure and the. It mainly consists of rhythmic linear patterns and intricate geometric patterns to decorate intersecting motifs. The basic elements of the arabesque pattern include a unique foliate design that is reflective of ivy, clover, palm, or rose connected repetitively. A second group, far smaller than the first, comprises modern ornaments: moresques, interlaced bands, strapwork, and elements such as cartouches"categories he goes on to discuss individually.[32]. Arabesque art displayed on the surface of buildings. WebIslamic Architecture In India: Awe-inspiring Fusion of Subtleness and Elegance. WebThe arabesque in Islamic art is often used to symbolize the transcendent, indivisible and infinite nature of God. Claims are often made regarding the theological significance of the arabesque and its origin in a specifically Islamic view of the world; however, these are without support from written historical sources since, like most medieval cultures, the Islamic world has not left us documentation of their intentions in using the decorative motifs they did. Among the basic tools for the production of ancient arabesque artifacts are wood, hammer, plywood, ivory, glue, paint and finishing materials, sandpaper, drawing paper, arquette saw, meter, and other traditional tools that may be relatively outdated. Without any one of the four, the physical world, represented by a circle that inscribes the square, would collapse upon itself and cease to exist. ARABESQUE IN EGYPT AND ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION. Arabesque is a style of decoration with precise geometric shapes and simplified foliated patterns (stylised and conventional) and away from nature (abstract) with Arabesque patterns vary in their design and their application. By: Salma Adham, 2019 - All rights reserved Majalla Magazine, Finally, A Female Referee in Men's World Cup, Young Stars Blaze On To Global Stage to Lift Their Teams in World Cup, Corporation, Achievement of National Goals, Prime Minister Liz Truss and the Mini-Budget. %PDF-1.5 % Explore arabesque art. 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Some Western arabesques derive from Islamic art, but others are closely based on ancient Roman decorations. [14] In fact, the similarities are so pronounced that it is sometimes difficult for experts to tell where a given style of arabesque comes from. Decorative arabesque patterns can be found covering surfaces on buildings like mosques, as well as items like ceramic tiles and glassware. $X,G,;5m6wNgY!%sk/~}R:=zfYei.vDGEoIofA 6?uC fsu~/qNa,7V}AuCf6zQe@Stu8McZ[spk}XPDa7q-[WP?=&U\to/)9n(9sqUz}7 j ~2x[ob=&I}3A)AHl} B#nAOw-Ut ;{WKC~%~b;F\C~en1Q7se)4ONm_{7? We all love beautiful decorated surfaces. [9], Though the broad outline of the process is generally agreed, there is a considerable diversity of views held by specialist scholars on detailed issues concerning the development, categorization and meaning of the arabesque. This Japanese tea pottery set incorporates Arabesque style decoration, floral designs and pattern repetition techniques on ceramic material. hb```f``ja`e`: B,@Q2es%00T I1 I feel like its a lifeline. Likewise, three-dimensional art such as molds, trim, carvings, woven fabrics such as rugs, metalworking, gilding, sculptures, and mosaics also display the usage of arabesque styles and patterns. posted on: These elements didn't have recognizable creatures, so they could be used to adorn sacred spaces without relying on figural art. These areas were also influenced by similar designs found on ancient Roman artifacts. Calligraphy has a spiritual influence and, in ancient times, was considered a very highly valued practice. WebExistence of Arabesque in Islamic Architecture Sinan: a Great Ottoman Architect and Urban Designer Evolution of Geometric Patterns in Islamic World and a Case on the Jalis of the Naulakha Pavilion in the Lahore Fort Evolution of Islamic Geometric Patterns Modern Math in Medieval Islamic Architecture Form and Function of Northeast Ohio Mosques A It is a type of projecting window enclosed with carved wood latticework located on the upper floors of a building. Arabesque design is also called biomorphic art or is referenced as Islimi, or Islamic arabesque. 's' : ''}}. The few well-known arabesque artists are currently concentrated in the old Gamaliya neighborhood in Cairo, Egypt. For example, the square, with its four equilateral sides, is symbolic of the equally important elements of nature: earth, air, fire and water. The arabesques and geometric patterns of Islamic art are often said to arise from the Islamic view of the world (see above). The depiction of animals and people is generally discouraged, which explains the preference for abstract geometric patterns. There are two modes to arabesque art. The Alhambra contains beautiful gardens, fountains, and complex planning. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. [43], Design for a Cup for Jane Seymour, Hans Holbein the Younger and Workshop, 1536, with zones in both Islamic-derived arabesque or moresque style and classically derived acanthus volutes, Arabesque or moresque ornament print, by Peter Fltner (d. 1546), Arabesque or moresque borders in a print by Peter Fltner, Arabesque/moresque printers ornament, German, 17th century, Decorative pattern of stylized foliage, characteristic of Muslim art. The event will be held in English, with simultaneous Arabic interpretation. As a geometric art, Arabesque relies on repetitions for patterns and wood and metals such as copper and gold as raw materials. Some common geometric patterns include interlaced circles, polygons, star patterns, and many other shapes/arrangements. Influences of Islamic Art on European Art: Trade & Diplomacy, Islamic Architecture | History, Design & Origin, Ancient Persian Art and Architecture: History & Style, Moorish Architecture | History, Design & Characteristics, Carpet Weaving in Islamic Art: History, Creation & Uses. Robert Granjon, a French printer of the sixteenth century, has been credited with the first truly interlocking arabesque printing, but other printers had used many other kinds of ornaments in the past. They eventually introduced the four most common types of arches: the pointed, ogee, multifoil, and horseshoe. Assistant Professor, Amity School of Architecture & Planning, creativity in a series of abstract forms and a, These art forms were progressive towards establishing a new, character of art in Islamic culture, its im. The artist creates intertwined geometric shapes that require patience and high precision. Pangeos The New Super Structure Proposed For Saudia Arabia, The "Arab Village" in Zhejiang, China realizes the dreams of more people. Nov 9, 2016 - Explore Barry Swayn's board "Architecture - Arabesque", followed by 119 people on Pinterest. In the first mode, each repeating geometric form has a built-in symbolism ascribed to it. PNG images are perfect if you want to add small elements to your poster or banner design. The first mode recalls the principles that govern the order of the world. The strangest thing that was narrated about these craftsmen, is that the Ottoman sultans detained them after completing their work, and they did not return to Egypt which in history known as "the capture of artists". The decorative component of Arab structures tends to be more abstract, with calligraphic, Arabesque (Islimi), and geometric patterns that encompass the architecture, rather than a central focus of the design. describe the arabesque as a "vegetal design consisting of fulland half palmettes [as] an unending continuous patternin which each leaf grows out of the tip of another. Create your account. But does the origin of any art or craft disappear totally or will there always be a way that leads us to the precious start? WebIslamic architecture comprises the architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam. These principles include the bare basics of what makes objects structurally sound and, by extension, beautiful (i.e. The early Mshatta Facade is recognisably some sort of vine, with conventional leaves on the end of short stalks and bunches of grapes or berries, but later forms usually lack these. When viewing mosques there are distinctive attributes that create a different aesthetic experience than other viewing experiences. This revolutionary approach had a vast affect on art coming out of the desert, and in locations which sought inspiration from it. As a result, artists instead created spectacular work featuring geometry, calligraphy (which is the art of beautiful writing), and the arabesque. "[37], Byzantine mosaics with arabesques on a ceiling from the Basilica of San Vitale (Ravenna, Italy), French arabesque garden planting at Vaux-le-Vicomte, in low box hedges on pink gravel, French 18th century Neoclassical grotesque decor at Chateau de Fontainebleau; this would probably have been described as arabesque by its makers, Neoclassical double door, with Greek and Roman ornaments on it, by Pierre Rousseau, from the 1790s, in the Cleveland Museum of Art (Cleveland, Ohio, US), Neoclassical arabesques in the Tullgarn Palace from Sweden, Renaissance Revival cast iron door window grill of a building on the Boulevard du Temple from Paris, Renaissance Revival cast iron door window grill of a building on Rue du Bac from Paris, Door with arabesques painted on it, in the Dimitrie Sturdza House from Bucharest (Romania), Arabesque with a mascaron and a cartouche, on a faade of an 1890s or 1900s city-house from Bucharest, Art Nouveau arabesque on a faade of a city-house from Bucharest, A major use of the arabesque style has been artistic printing, for example of book covers and page decoration. Arabesque architecture is a style of architectural design that uses arabesque patterns and themes within the structure and design of the building. Arabesque art consists of a series of repeating geometric forms which are occasionally accompanied by calligraphy. Flowers are rare until about 1500, after which they appear more often, especially in Ottoman art, and are often identifiable by species. Of course, there are variations and not every building had every element. Eye-catching colors and silhouettes prevalent in ancient Arab architecture have made these structures popular spots to explore! Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you For example, a rectangular border on a book page will have clear lines which indicate the parameters in which the pattern style is laid and interconnected. Pomegranates, figs, palms, acanthus, and vine leaves are used more than other types of leaves or trees in arabesque patterns. Religion played an important role in the arabesque's development. The arabesque traces its history to the Near and Middle East. Many of these characteristics were found in mosques. Arabesque art is considered one of the most famous and unique arts throughout history, and it was known as Arab decoration or Arab art. Do you have any in your home? CqBBB` qyv`[? Islamic architecture includes both tombs and mosques. Medium shot for Mashrbyia of a building in Gamaliya, old Cairo, Egypt. The production process goes through several stages, starting with preparing the drawings for the parts to be lathed, choosing the type and size of wood required, then installing on the lathe, printing the design on wood, drilling and shaping. In this field the technique of gold tooling had also arrived in the 15th century from the Islamic world, and indeed much of the leather itself was imported from there. WebThe architecture of the Abbasids presents what may be referred to as the first 'Classical' moment in the evolution of Islamic architecture, one that was centred in the political and cultural capital of the Abbasid state, Baghdad (and by extension the adjacent royal suburb of Samarra). Wood carvers, as shown in the video, create these wonderful arabesque designs and plates for the Mihrab of their local mosque. Arabesque art is found on many different art forms, surfaces, and structures. Arabesques are a fundamental element of Islamic art but they develop what was already a long tradition by the coming of Islam. Around 1000 CE, possibly near Baghdad, Muslim artists developed images of vines, flowers, and lines into an intricate, spectacular art form. Overall, Arab and Islamic architecture involve many symbolic components that are utilized to create an aesthetically pleasing experience. Mohammed ibn Yusuf ben Nasr (known as Alahmar literally the red one in Arabic) established this architectural masterpiece in the 13th century during the reign of the Nasrid dynasty. Variations on the arabesque also developed on the Iberian peninsula in places like Spain, the westernmost edge of Islam's spread. hP8R3OC(v _i.n3!V(D%NLFfDN]e"3#dbcb_qZm#: UW x hbbd``b`z$XklK$$XUAD%Hs@#HLHt+ ng)Y@U b`` @ D These types of designs were referred to by the name ''arabesque.''. Local mosque decorations composed of materials abundant to its geographical location, and the skills of the workforce there as well. It encompasses both secular and religious styles from the early history of Islam to the Kerr Houston, Arabesque, Khamseen: Islamic Art History Online, published 3 September 2021. At the popular level such theories often appear uninformed as to the wider context of the arabesque. There is no specific literature about arabesque art, nor have its craftsmen revealed some of its secrets to the new generations, which means the art is about to be extinct. the truss). In the late 16th century in Venice, a decorative form called the moresque developed based on the arabesque. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. With the start of the Abbasid era, people were interested in science and translation which led to an increase in knowledge of geometric shapes, and thus the arabesque artists had a great opportunity to develop this art and to make it grow and improve. This user gallery has been created by an independent third party and may not represent the views of the institutions whose collections include the featured works or of Google Arts & Culture. The Alcazaba, meaning citadel in Arabic, is an Islamic fortification at the bottom of Mount Gibralfaro. The origins of the arabesque style date back to the Hellenistic period, where simple motifs were used, often including leaves, birds, and flowers. These basic motifs gave rise to numerous variants, for example, where the branches, generally of a linear character, were turned into straps or bands. From the early periods of its history, during the Tulunid period, it was used on stucco, being Richard Ettinghausen, Oleg Grabar, and Marilyn Jenkins-Madina, This page was last edited on 16 November 2022, at 15:14. 11 chapters | Eventually, the Islamic arabesque found its way to Europe, mostly through two avenues. In addition, upon inspection of the many examples of Arabesque art, some would argue that there is in fact a third mode, the mode of Islamic calligraphy. Canvas and wall paintings, book covers and page decoration, paper documents, pottery, and tiles are all art mediums where arabesque patterns are applied. A beautiful incorporation of repetitive pattern design by geometric shapes bedazzles this Quran version. Contemporary Art and Culture Meet Traditional Paper-Cutting, A Taste of Christmas in the Arab World Artist & Artisan Bazaar. In the process of development the plant forms became increasingly simplified and stylized. Vault Architecture Development & Types | What is Vaulting in Architecture? These are tall towers that are the visual focal point of the buildings. But where did this design come from? This is not an Islamic art piece but it clearly has heavy influence by the Arabesque art culture. 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It is characteristic of the moresque, which is essentially a surface ornament, that it is impossible to locate the pattern's beginning or end. "Our main problem in the industry today is the marketing. Interlace and scroll decoration are terms used for most other types of similar patterns. Arabesques are a fundamental element of Islamic art but they develop what was already a long tradition by the coming of Islam. The past and current usage of the term in respect of European art is confused and inconsistent. Therefore the Arabesque and Islimi design suggest a design that is related to Arabs and Muslims or is it their invention and is used by them. This ornamental design, often foliated and floral, is used in almost all Islamic era and can be considered as a factor of artistic coexistence and unity in Islamic art. Scroll down to view our floral islamic PNG images with transparent background. Many arabesque patterns disappear at (or "under", as it often appears to a viewer) a framing edge without ending and thus can be regarded as infinitely extendable outside the space they actually occupy; this was certainly a distinctive feature of the Islamic form, though not without precedent. [5] The case for a connection with Islamic mathematics is much stronger for the development of the geometric patterns with which arabesques are often combined in art. Kerr Houston is a professor of art history, theory and criticism at the H\j >w%PrNReby6l*s)do@q;@. One of the most famous examples of both Arab and Islamic architecture is the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, Palestine. Patterns were used as ornamentation on important texts and documents, such as the Quran. The first includes ornaments adopted from antiquity: grotesques, architectural ornaments such as the orders, foliage scrolls and self-contained elements such as trophies, terms and vases. Islamic designs contain the eternal spiral, rhythm/balance, and geometry/structure. Eventually floral decoration mostly derived from Chinese styles, especially those of Chinese porcelain, replaces the arabesque in many types of work, such as pottery, textiles and miniatures. Arabesque also demands an expertise in other supporting arts such as engraving, decoration, calligraphy and painting. [24] Unfortunately the styles so described can only be guessed at, although the design by Hans Holbein for a covered cup for Jane Seymour in 1536 (see gallery) already has zones in both Islamic-derived arabesque/moresque style (see below) and classically derived acanthus volutes. The principal buildings, such as Mosques, Tombs, Palaces, Forts. Most of the calligraphic art is composed of religious texts, aphorisms, and poems. The paper discusses the fact that arabesque is a unique, universal, and vital element of ornamentation within the framework of Islamic Architecture. The art form can be traced to the beginning of the Fatimid era in Egypt. It incorporated scrolling and decorative leaf-like patterns and was used especially on decorative gilt book covers. Second, there is almost always a dome when looking at historic mosques, an element also used in the Byzantine and Italian Renaissance periods. By: Sarah Chaudhry / Arab America Contributing Writer The innovative nature of Arab architecture is clear through the unique structures and designs of buildings dominant from the 7th century and beyond. Islamic decoration does not utilize figurative images, but rather relies on an iconic design. Symmetrical circles or polygons outlined and motivate the element of balance while developing the purpose of the use of the patterns. May 14, 2016 - Explore Adam :P's board "modern arabesque architecture", followed by 154 people on Pinterest. The present form emerged around 1000 CE, when the Islamic empire refined the ability to visually display balance, illumination, and nature with ornate detail. Arches, beams, pillars, lintels, cut and polished stones, and significant use of lime as mortar and pure white marble define the mosque. Early Islamic art, for example in the famous 8th-century mosaics of the Great Mosque of Damascus, often contained plant-scroll patterns, in that case by Byzantine artists in their usual style. [38] The idea was rapidly used by many other printers. It's a very different idea about decoration than was found in Western culture at the time. WebMar 31, 2020 - This PNG image was uploaded on October 10, 2018, 4:05 am by user: Lady-Lover and is about Arabesque, Art, Artist, Drawing, Islam. "Leaf" forms typically spring sideways from the stem, in what is often called a "half-palmette" form, named after its distant and very different looking ancestor in ancient Egyptian and Greek ornament. %%EOF Salam, which is often interpreted as meaning "peace". The Grove Dictionary of Art will have none of this confusion, and says flatly: "Over the centuries the word has been applied to a wide variety of winding and twining vegetal decoration in art and meandering themes in music, but it properly applies only to Islamic art",[36] so contradicting the definition of 1888 still found in the Oxford English Dictionary: "A species of mural or surface decoration in colour or low relief, composed in flowing lines of branches, leaves, and scroll-work fancifully intertwined. [8] The relatively abundant survivals of stucco reliefs from the walls of palaces (but not mosques) in Abbasid Samarra, the Islamic capital between 836 and 892, provide examples of three styles, Styles A, B, and C, though more than one of these may appear on the same wall, and their chronological sequence is not certain. These elements are expressed through intricate lines, shapes, and curves which reflect elements of nature such as plant leaves or flowers, continual geometric patterns, or a mixture of the two. WebThe artistic emphasis within Islamic art on surface decoration, or horror vacui (the horror of empty spaces and thus their covering with extensive decoration), also reflects another As European variations developed, they were similar in many respects to the original Islamic forms, but they did also include figures like people, birds, animals, and fish. Helin Yeim Akbulut. The term arabesque refers to a style of artistic expression relating to design and decor. This fortress represents the last of the Islamic sultanate residing on the Iberian Peninsula. This mode recalls the feminine nature of life giving. [12] Jessica Rawson has recently extended the analysis to cover Chinese art, which Riegl did not cover, tracing many elements of Chinese decoration back to the same tradition, the shared background helping make the assimilation of Chinese motifs into Persian art after the Mongol invasion harmonious and productive.[13]. Islamic architecture in India was created throughout the Middle Ages when various architectural When looking at the Arabesque form of design, there are three components. WebORGANIC PATTERNS: Islamic Geometry & Arabesque Art Forms Google Arts & Culture. [42] Many digital serif fonts include arabesque pattern elements thought to be complementary to the mood of the font; they are also often sold as separate designs. This geometric harmony and symmetry are found in the intricate designs of the style popular today. Designs may feature layers of interwoven elements. Such designs are considered biomorphic, which means they resemble natural forms without depicting specific creatures or plants. The design of windows and doorways, roofs, and overall layout of the building or structure are usually symmetrical to display balance and harmony to complement the decorative details of the arabesque patterns used to decorate the walls, crown moldings, ceilings, structural pillar carvings and molds, and other architectural elements of the structure. Proverbs and complete passages from the Qur'an can be seen today in Arabesque art. The eternal spiral symbolizes a plant growing from its sprout to its full form. 131 lessons, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | Islamic literature is literature written by Muslim people, influenced by an Islamic cultural perspective, or literature that portrays Islam. [39][40][41] After a period of disuse in the nineteenth century, when a more minimal page layout became popular with printers like Bodoni and Didot, the concept returned to popularity with the arrival of the Arts and Crafts movement, Many fine books from the period 18901960 have arabesque decorations, sometimes on paperback covers. There is great similarity between arabesque artwork from very different geographic regions. WebSee more ideas about architecture, islamic architecture, arabesque. It has a resolution of 1950x1950 pixels. % V4oEsuM3Y&NUeyO7)!.)&9/i*a\5ipBO! After completing the drilling and shaping of the wooden piece, this piece needs to be painted. Arabesque uses complicated, overlapping and intersecting geometric motifs that shed a unique Arabic glamour as an art [6], The Islamic arabesque was probably invented in Baghdad around the 10th century. [31], Fuhring notes that grotesques were "confusingly called arabesques in eighteenth century France", but in his terminology "the major types of ornament that appear in French sixteenth century etchings and engraving can be divided into two groups. WebThe arabesque was a common design used in the architecture of Islamic Cairo. Arabic calligraphy had emerged to focus Islamic art to reflect and express the oneness of God, according to the foundational belief of the religion of Islam. Most signature Arab structures are found in predominantly Muslim countries and in the land that was overthrown by Muslims in the Middle Ages. - Definition & Buildings, Trefoil in Architecture: Definition & Design, Acanthus Leaves: Architecture, Design & Symbolism, Marquetry: Definition, Techniques & Design, Facade in Architecture: Definition & Design, What is a Baptismal Font? Traditionally, arabesque designs do not have images of human or animal forms but instead include floral or plant motifs with interlaying geometric shapes interconnected as a repetitive design. Herne payment quoted in. Full-text available. zL Arabesque was not limited to furniture in Islamic styles of various shapes but also related to the architectural formations of mosques and palaces. [19] The term was first used in Italian, where rabeschi was used in the 16th century as a term for "pilaster ornaments featuring acanthus decoration",[20] specifically "running scrolls" that ran vertically up a panel or pilaster, rather than horizontally along a frieze. In mosques, however, the dome usually covers the main prayer hall and symbolizes the vault to heaven in an Islamic context. An example of arabesque is any pattern that displays elaborate or intricate details. Kerr Houston is a professor of art history, theory and criticism at the Maryland Institute College of Art, where he has taught since 2002. Arabesque designs on surfaces create a sense of pleasing overall rhythm and patterns. It is said that the many wars that the state fought forced it to use a lot of wood, which was the mainstay of the arms industry at that time, and there were plenty of scrap pieces in small pieces, which were sent to carpenters and craftsmen who in turn manufactured decorative pieces in simple geometric shapes. In this paper, the In other words, man can discover the geometric forms that constitute the arabesque, but these forms always existed before as part of God's creation, as shown in this picture. Some scholars believe that mistakes in repetitions may be WebFloral Islamic PNG. WebIndian Islamic Architecture; Behind the Arabesque: Understanding Islamic Art and Architecture; Evolution of Islamic Geometrical Patterns; Muslim Architecture in [27] In France "arabesque" first appears in 1546,[28] and "was first applied in the latter part of the 17th century" to grotesque ornament, "despite the classical origin of the latter", especially if without human figures in ita distinction still often made, but not consistently observed.[29]. 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