An alternating current is supplied through the primary windings which produces a magnetic flux due to mutual inductance. A magnetic circuit can be made by using ferromagnetic material or other magnetic material having high permeability such as iron, cobalt, nickel, soft steel etc. Further facts on magnetic flux in a transformer are discussed below. by Halbach systems or similar configurations. Gaussian units. Magnetic flux is defined as the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given closed surface. Hello, I am Deeksha Dinesh, currently pursuing post-graduation in Physics with a specialization in the field of Astrophysics. These magnetic cores have high permeability due to which they can concentrate magnetic field lines and form a pathway to guide the magnetic fields in transformers or other electrical or magnetic devices. Unfortunately, it ain't necessarily so. Copyright 2022, LambdaGeeks.com | All rights Reserved, link to 15 Facts on H2SO4 + BaCO3: What, How To Balance & FAQs, link to 15 Facts on H2SO3 + Fe2O3: What, How To Balance & FAQs. At a certain point called the neutral point outside of the two wires. However after buying a 10cm length of rod of Fe55Ni45 (which . In this field even the use of superconducting systems is discussed to get the highest performance. This means, beside increased brittleness and less mechanical strengths, issues like enlarged flow fronts and deviations from specified directions of magnetization take place. There are five types of magnet material that a magnet can be manufactured from: 1 - Neodymium iron boron (NdFeb) Neodymium magnets are the most powerful magnets available (per unit volume) with the ability to attract 1,000 times their own weight. Rearranging the terms in the above expression, we get the magnetic flux density, When the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the area under consideration, the expression becomes. I like to deliver concepts in a simpler way for the readers. But not for sensor applications! 2 Calculating Flux Density When Area is Not Perpendicular The flux penetrating the area A when the normal Magnetic flux is an important factor in the working of a transformer because transformer action is based on the principle of mutual induction. A major part of his work he devoted to electromagnetic design and the development of specific methods for bonded permanent magnets. This concept is illustrated in Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\) for a permanent bar magnet and Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\) for a current-bearing coil. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Magnetic flux density is a vector field which we identify using the symbol \({\bf B}\) and which has SI units of tesla (T). This sensor provided the ability to measure the three components of the magnetic field with high precision and accuracy. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Very helpful is in addition, that many customers spend more efforts to keep e.g. It is denoted by B. These variations produces magnetic field lines around the primary windings. Some important facts on magnetic flux and magnetic flux density can be found below. Here one method to improve flux density, beside the ways described above, is to increase the volume load of magnetic powder. 3-D Model of Coil with Core Magnetic Flux Density is amount of magnetic flux through unit area taken perpendicular to direction of magnetic flux. The working of a transformer is based on the principle of mutual induction where the magnetic flux that is generated as a result of the alternating current or voltage in the primary windings induces an emf in the secondary windings which forms the output.Working Of A TransformerImage Credits: Wikimedia Commons. I have updated some of the terms. Unit of Magnetic Flux Density As we know, the magnetic flux density is B = A = Weber meter2 = Wb / m2 = Tesla(T) Therefore, the magnetic flux density is measured / 2 or Tesla (T), named in honour of Nikola Tesla. Samarium Cobalt is manufactured in two compositions: Sm 1 Co 5 and Sm 2 Co 17 - often referred to as the SmCo 1:5 or SmCo 2:17 types. For the geometry presented in this work, where lc and Nc2 are the effective length and turns on the reference coil, the magnetic flux density, coupling coefficients, coil width and transducer thickness were predicted to optimize at 0.4373 T, 0.39783lcNc2 Tmm, 4.00 mm and 18.40 mm, respectively, with all corresponding to instances when . Given, V = 444 V (primary coil input voltage), From the equation given at the beginning of the solution, we can rearrange the terms to get N. So. Here, a detailed analysis on both these terms is given.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'lambdageeks_com-box-3','ezslot_7',856,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-lambdageeks_com-box-3-0'); Magnetic field behaviors, in any context, are well explained by magnetic flux, a scalar and magnetic flux density, a vector. 4. These are questions for which classical physics provides no obvious answers. where \({\bf v}\) is the velocity of the particle and \(\times\) denotes the cross product. (Log relative exposure = 1.1 for a density of 1.0 and 1.62 for a density of 2.0). This core concentrates the generated magnetic field around the primarily coil and links the secondary coil. In fact, nothing happens until the particle in set in motion. Between the magnetic poles a flux barrier should be considered to reduce the PMs' leakage flux. The worldwide use of polymers like polyamides or PPS for injection molded magnets is mainly caused by the large amount of powder particles, which can be mixed into respective compounds. In rare cases, a very small magnetization can be induced in rocks . Flux lines are NOT in direction of force but . Copyright 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Direction is that of the B vector at any point. In their final application those magnets are endangered much more to fail by crack issues, especially when being exposed to temperature variations as it is the case in automotive industry. Suitable for measuring very high magnetic field (upto 2T). The one Weber is equal to the 10 8 line of forces or the Maxwell. In this "6 poles."model, high flux densities are achieved at the boundaries between neighbouring magnets, which makes the field coming from the main body of the magnet seem much smaller. Let us explore the products obtained from the reaction of Fe2O3 + H2SO3. Firstly, the magnetic field intensity and magnetic field uniformity of the traditional LFMB are analyzed, and the existing problems of . Therefore, the maximum air-gap flux density can be calculated from ( 12 ): (10) (11) (12) American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Figure 2.5. We know that a particle with a charge q [C] will experience a force when in the presence of an Electric Field E. for wind generators. In magnetic permeability. 2:17 types, with higher H ci values, offer greater inherent stability than the 1:5 types. Barium carbonate belongs to the class of alkaline earth metal carbonates that can react with powerful acids such as sulfuric acid. Therefore, B may alternatively be described as having units of Wb/m 2, and 1 Wb/m 2 = 1 T. Magnetic flux density ( B, T or Wb/m 2) is a description of the magnetic field that can be defined as the solution to Equation 2.5.1. 3-D Model of Coil with Core The SI unit is Tesla (T) or Kgs -2 A -1. Magnetic flux density is the amount of magnetic flux in an area that is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux. Thus, the magnetic flux density is guided by the material and the field distribution within the core . First, imagine a region of free space with no electric or magnetic fields. . improved particle orientation of anisotropic materials, higher degrees of freedom by creating new sorts of pole patterns or an easier mechanical combinability, e.g. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 5000 Forbes Avenue. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. The magnetic flux is defined as the total number of magnetic lines of force produces by the magnet. Measurements around the FONAR QED-80 imaging system (0.04 T) indicate that the magnetic flux density changes from 0.04 T in the imaging volume to 0.6 mT at the end of the patient table Footnote 2. Back to the introductory question about the increase of flux density: The demand is certainly understandable for motors and generators and in all other applications where forces or torques are originated. This material has FeCo nanocrystals with an A2 or B2 . Magnetic flux density B - a physical quantity used as one of the fundamental measures of the intensity of magnetic field. A bar magnet has poles identified as N (north) and S (south). For example, if you use a material for which r = 3 then you know that the flux density will be three times as great as it would be if we just applied the same field strength to a vacuum. Seen in some magnetic materials, saturation is the state reached when an increase in applied external magnetic field H cannot increase the magnetization of the material further, so the total magnetic flux density B more or less levels off. If the field lines run in a straight line (e.g. Copyright 2022 All Rights Reserved by McqMate, The inside surface of a ferromagnetic tube magnetised with a central conductor, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Non Destructive Testing and Evaluation solved MCQs. Many new and exciting subjects could probably be expected, i.e. PDF's for offline use. We take free online Practice/Mock test for exam preparation. Each MCQ is open for further discussion on discussion page. All the services offered by McqMate are free. Example 9.6.2, with its highly permeable sphere excited by a small coil, offered the opportunity to study the trapping of magnetic flux. For sure some minor improvements have been made, but only in the range of 10 percent may be 15 percent at its best for Rare Earth materials. It provides the measurement of the total magnetic field that passes through a given surface area. In engineering electromagnetics, the preference for referring to \({\bf B}\) as a flux density is because we frequently find ourselves integrating \({\bf B}\) over a mathematical surface. r is the perpendicular distance from the current element to the point where magnetic flus density is to be found. Before offering a formal definition, it is useful to consider the broader concept of the magnetic field. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This let us decide to use a much lower filling grade than usual. While the total amount of the flux produced by a magnet is important, we are more interested in how dense or concentrated, the flux is per unit of cross-sectional area. The secondary coil remains in the vicinity of changing magnetic flux which induces emf in the coil. The previous world's record of 23.5T had been achieved by reducing the temperature to approximately 2K. Even the use of quite different sorts of polymers with different new characteristics could be possible. About the Author The larger the value of B, the greater the magnetic flux in the same area. First of all, we shall write the given details. This is the world's highest value with a single superconducting magnet. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These rocks are characterized by relative permeabilities \(\mu_r > 1\).A relative permeability of \(\mu_r = 1\) is used to characterize materials which are incapable of supporting induced magnetization. . Magnetic permeability (Greek mu) is thus defined as = B / H. Magnetic flux density B is a measure of the actual. Hence the value of theta is 60 degrees. Fe2O3 is an amphoteric oxide We are group of industry professionals from various educational domain expertise ie Science, Engineering, English literature building one stop knowledge based educational solution. The B field is a vector field, which means it has a magnitude and direction at each point in space. An ideal meter for accurate measurement of magnetic flux density. Then the amount of magnetic flux that passes through the given unit area is referred to as magnetic flux density. (T). Consequently the idea rose up to look at the lower level of filling grades, which came incidentally to my mind, when a customer ordered a magnet which by far was stronger than originally demanded, even when using a standard amount of magnet powder only. This works very well . High saturation magnetic flux density (B s) of soft magnetic materials is essential for increasing the power density of modern magnetic devices and motor machines.Yet, increasing B s is always at the expense of high coercivity (H c), presenting a general trade-off in the soft magnetic material family.Here, superior comprehensive soft magnetic properties, i.e., an exceptionally high B s of up . Silicon steel offers high saturation flux density, a relatively good permeability at high flux density, and a moderate loss at audio frequency. The first part of the example solves the magnetostatic problem using a 3-D model. The varying current passing through the primary coil generates magnetic field lines around it. 15 Facts on H2SO4 + BaCO3: What, How To Balance & FAQs. Magnetic flux density is a vector field which we identify using the symbol B and which has SI units of tesla (T). Soft iron proves to be the best magnetic core for use in transformers since their magnetic permeability is high. The result suggests that the magnetic flux is zero when the magnetic field lines are parallel to the surface. Magnetic flux density is usually given by. B = Magnetic flux density H = Magnetic field intensity: Conductance and Permeance: A magnetic circuit is a closed path followed by magnetic flux (magnetic filed lines). Background for this development are the increased use of GMR based systems, Hall or other sensors with flux concentrators, sensors consisting of arrays of single sensor elements, as well as improved methods of error compensation of sensor output. Magnetic flux density is quantity that has both magnitude and direction, and is expressed in units of Tesla(T) in SI system. From: Modern Dictionary of Electronics (Seventh Edition), 1999 Related terms: Semiconductor Amplifier Resistor Transistor Oscillators Magnetic Fields Amplitudes Electric Potential Here, the area under consideration can be of any size and under any orientation with respect to the direction of the magnetic field. In a transformer, magnetic flux is produced as a result of the varying electric field (i.e., alternating current). In addition, there are hundreds of problems with detailed solutions on various physics topics. B = A B dA. In the case of a permanent magnet, the magnetic field arises from mechanisms occurring at the scale of the atoms and electrons comprising the material. The reader would be well-justified in wondering why the force exerted by the magnetic field should perpendicular to \({\bf B}\). The Maxwell is the CGS unit of magnetic flux. Flux per unit of cross-sectional area is called flux density. There it is nearly impossible to make any stable magnets, at least in a failsafe mass production. Two common measurements expressed in Gauss are The Residual Flux Density, Br, and the Surface Field. They have an elaborate manufacturing process of vacuum melting, milling, pressing and sintering. When > 180 , the magnetic density value increases until it reaches again the maximum value. I like to deliver concepts in a simpler way for the readers. 4: The magnetic field of a bar magnet, illustrating field lines. Flux density is a measure of the number of magnetic flux lines perpendicular to an area of cross-section. The cross product of two vectors is in a direction perpendicular to each of the two vectors, so the force exerted by the magnetic field is perpendicular to both the direction of motion and the direction in which the magnetic field points. Magnetic Flux () Measurement Fluxmeter is a kind of magnetic measuring instrument for measuring magnetic flux. When describing magnetic fields, we occasionally refer to the concept of a field line, defined as follows: A magnetic field line is the curve in space traced out by following the direction in which the magnetic field vector points. Any worries about shrinking issues or increases of cooling time before ejection from the machine were unfounded. On the other hand, the number of magnetic field lines entering and leaving the closed surface as a whole, is the same and hence, the net magnetic flux is equal to zero over the closed surface. The mathematical expressions gives an insight on how magnetic flux turns out to be a scalar. In detail those issues are often increased costs, lower coercivity or increased instability against demagnetization or temperature. But also suppliers of sintered or other full dense magnets as well as their customers would benefit, if the aim to get always higher flux densities were released. Consider an area element placed perpendicular to a magnetic field. As the strength of magnetic field increases the soft iron core concentrates the magnetic flux and hence forms a path to the secondary coil. Numerical 1: Consider a square loop whose side is 4 cm long and is positioned in a uniform magnetic field B of 1.0 T such that the plane of the loop makes an angle of 30 degrees with the magnetic field. A magnetic field is something that applies a force to a charged particle in motion, distinct from (in fact, in addition to) the force associated with an electric field. Phone: (412) 268-2703. Definition of Magnetic Flux. 1 104 G. The tesla (symbol: T) is the unit of the magnetic B-field strength (also, magnetic flux density) in the International System of Units (SI). The magnetism of one tesla is rather powerful. Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Magnetic induction is often another term used to refer to magnetic flux density. Magnetic fields are an intrinsic property of some materials, most notably permanent magnets. In order to avoid the iron irreversible damage, a FEM mechanical analysis was considered,. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. CMU and Magnetics, A Division of Spang and Co. have developed a new high-saturation induction, high-temperature nanocomposite alloy for high-power inductors. But the boost of filling grade gets difficult above a specific level. between the poles of a horseshoe magnet), the magnetic flux through a certain area A which runs vertically to the flux can be calculated as follows: = BA. In this example, you find the magnetic flux density for a geometry consisting of a coil with a finite length core in a cylindrical air domain. . distance tolerances within reasonable limits. To wind up, we have dealt with magnetic flux and magnetic flux density in this post. Maximum Flux Density The maximum flux densities in stator teeth and yoke at the axes of the main- and auxiliary-phase windings are measured for various voltage amplitudes by recording the induced voltages in the four search coils. Those can lead to enhancements of several 10 percent when being compared to conventional configurations. This is true in a sense even for field lines which seem to form straight lines (for example, those along the axis of the bar magnet and the coil in Figures \(\PageIndex{4}\) and \(\PageIndex{5}\), since a field line that travels to infinity in one direction reemerges from infinity in the opposite direction. The magnetic flux density is a vector quantity i.e. It has a resolution of 0.01 milligauss (1nanotesla) and a range of +/-2000 milligauss (200 Film density in the area of interest is 1.0. With fairly lower volume rates these constrictions would fall. This page titled 2.5: Magnetic Flux Density is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Steven W. Ellingson (Virginia Tech Libraries' Open Education Initiative) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. e. A magnet's flux density The flux density close to a rare earth magnet is about 8000 Gauss, or 0.8 Tesla. But this does not really satisfy the hunger for larger and larger flux densities as it is the case e.g. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Also called magnetic flux magnetic induction The American Heritage Science Dictionary Copyright 2011. As an example, polyamide based Ferrite or Rare Earth magnets can get unpleasant when filling grades are higher than 65 percent by volume. But on the other hand the quest for largest flux densities can originate also a few disadvantages, both for customers as well as for suppliers of permanent magnets. So I used to formula found at hyperphysics which relates the magnetic field flux density to the number of turns, the current and the material permeability. Magnetic flux density gives an estimate of the magnetic flux per unit area or rather; magnetic flux is the scalar product of magnetic flux density and the area vector. The expression for maximum magnetic flux density is given by, N = number of turns on the windings where voltage V is applied, A = magnetic circuit cross-sectional area (in m2 ). Hence the required value of magnetic flux through the loop is 0.0008 W or 0.8 mW. United States. 4(a) shows that, for all N, the magnetic flux density goes from the maximum value, at = 0 , to the minimum value, at = 180 . Abstract. B 1 = B 2. No, magnetic flux and magnetic flux density are two different quantities, one a scalar and another a vector and this is clearly evident from the discussions made till now. The unit usually used to denote flux density is the: The flux density of the magnetism induced by a coil is affected by: A leakage field is strongest when a discontinuity interrupts the magnetic flux lines atan angle of: Magnetic lines of flux which are parallel to a discontinuity produce: The outside surface of a non-ferromagnetic tube magnetised with a central conductor, The inside surface of a non-ferromagnetic tube magnetised with a central conductor, The outside surface of a ferromagnetic tube magnetised with a central conductor. From: Power Quality in Power Systems and Electrical Machines (Second Edition), 2015 Download as PDF About this page In order to solve the problems of low magnetic flux density and non-uniformity of magnetic flux density of traditional Lorentz force magnetic bearing (LFMB), a combined magnetic steel single closed magnetic loop magnetic bearing with suction type is designed. From the discussions made till now, we can easily point out few general differences between magnetic flux and magnetic flux density. Magnetic flux density is a vector field with SI units of tesla that we denote with the sign B. Magnetic-flux-density as a noun means The amount of magnetic flux through a unit area taken perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux.. Magnetic flux is represented as the scalar product or dot product of magnetic flux density and the area perpendicular to the magnetic field direction. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. where B is the magnitude of the magnetic field (the magnetic flux density) having the unit of Wb/m 2 (), S is the area of the surface, and is the angle between the magnetic field lines and the normal (perpendicular) to S.For a varying magnetic field, we first consider the magnetic flux through an infinitesimal area element dS, where we may consider the field to be constant: From this, we infer that the underlying mechanism is the same i.e., the vector field generated by a current-bearing coil is the same phenomenon as the vector field associated with a permanent magnet. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Dimensional analysis of \ref{m0005_eFqvB} reveals that \({\bf B}\) has units of (N\(\cdot\)s)/(C\(\cdot\)m). Suitable for measurement of both alternating and direct (AC/DC) magnetic field . In bonded magnets it has always been possible to originate respective distributions inherently directly at injection molding, and nowadays even manufacturers of sintered magnets have become able to provide similar distributions in single specimen, at least for a few systems. Biot-Savart law is often used to determine the magnetic flux density at any given point due to a current-carrying wire. The intensity of a magnetic field, measured in Gauss or Teslas (10,000 Gauss = 1 Tesla), is also a common measurement of a magnets strength as this is a representation of the density of a magnetic field produced by a magnet, known as flux density. Determine the magnetic flux passing through the square loop. At a particular moment, the density of magnetic flux lines is high in some portions and low in other portions of the translator as shown in Fig. A magnetic field can be visualised as magnetic field lines passing through a magnet along its . As the translator is not stationary and. More general representation goes this way, where magnetic flux is the integral of the dot product of magnetic flux density and the infinitesimal area to which magnetic field lines are perpendicular. Per unit area means per unit current per unit length on a wire Magnetic flux density is denoted by B. It is sufficient to accept this apparent strangeness as fact and proceed accordingly. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. The change in magnetic flux in a transformer happens due to the variations in the current supplied by the AC source. The total flux in a magnetic circuit is limited by . This is not so bad when keeping in mind that forces or torques are determined by squares of flux density components. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Selenium is We are group of industry professionals from various educational domain expertise ie Science, Engineering, English literature building one stop knowledge based educational solution. The tesla is the International System (SI) unit of field "magnetic flux density" (T). 15 Facts on HCl + F2: With Several Elements Reaction. AC source provides an alternating current that varies from negative to positive values in each cycle. that is equal to the magnetic flux density B established within the material by a magnetizing field divided by the magnetic field strength H of the magnetizing field. Magnetic Sensor from TDK Detects Microscopic Specks of Metal, Ford UK Plant to Transition from Transmissions to E-Power Units, Expanded Distribution Center in Reno for Essex Brownell, New High-Speed Sensors from TDK for EV Motor Control, Magnetoelastic Torque Sensors from MagCanica Provide Secret Sauce for Race Cars & Aircraft. In SI, this combination of units is known as the tesla (T). Magnetic flux density is an estimate of the amount of the magnetic field concentrated around a magnet or a varying electric current. So, a magnetic repulsion force is produced from the high-density region (inside) to the low-density region (outside). it possesses both magnitude and direction. For our present purposes and for most commonly-encountered engineering applications we do not require these concepts. The magnetic flux density outside the system depends on the field strength of the magnet as well as the system design (the bore size, shielding, etc.). The magnetic flux is the magnetic flux density which runs through an imagined area. The total number of magnetic field lines passing through a given area normally is called magnetic flux. It is a mathematical law that dot product of two vectors yield a scalar. Magnetic flux lines are continuous and closed. for electrical machines to get large torques or good efficiencies. Now, it is worth noting that a single charged particle in motion is the simplest form of current. In the most general form, magnetic flux is defined as. Soft magnetic materials are very important building blocks of motors, generators, inductors, transformers, sensors and write heads of hard disk. Magnetic core serves as pathways for magnetic flux in a transformer. Flux Density (B) is related to Magnetic Field (H) by B=H. Next, a magnetic field appears; perhaps this is due to a permanent magnet or a current in the vicinity. Through the primary coil, an alternating current is supplied. In addition, it is not always easy or sometimes even impossible to fulfill the demands of customers for constantly raising flux densities. The existence of a vector field is apparent since the observed force acts at a distance and is asserted in a specific direction. 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How is the magnetic field strength at the surface of a magnetic conductor having permeability, , related to the magnetic field strength, F, at the surface of a nonmagnetic conductor carrying the same current? The unit is Tm. Most of us are unaware of magnetic flux density which is quite different from magnetic flux. Here it is: The force applied to a particle bearing charge \(q\) is, \[\mathbf { F } = q \mathbf { v } \times \mathbf { B } \label{m0005_eFqvB} \]. Here, some facts about magnetic flux in a transformer is explained.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'lambdageeks_com-box-3','ezslot_3',856,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-lambdageeks_com-box-3-0'); The necessary requirement for a transformer to work is a time-varying magnetic flux, which in turn, induces emf in the windings. Theta must always be taken with reference to the perpendicular to the area under consideration. In a few of our current projects we partially deal with effective values at sensor location of only 4 or 5mT, whereas a couple of years ago it was nearly standard not to fall below limits like 25mT. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". In the SI system, flux density is measured in teslas. Assembling of such structures, when made of homogenously magnetized segments, usually needs some efforts. Selenium shows the non-metallic character. Line it up so that a line from the South to the North of the earth will pass through that opening, and you'll have about 4 magnetic lines of flux flowing through that area. The CGS unit is the maxwell. The unit was announced during the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960 and is named [1 . The other image shows alternating polarity radially oriented magnetisations. 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