Challenging Hegemony: Reflections on reflections. The shortage of direct, empirical evidence has caused many scholars to regard the entire topic as unsuitable for serious study; in 1866, the Linguistic Society of Paris banned any existing or future debates on the subject, a prohibition which remained influential across much of the Western world until late in the twentieth century. Every head of hair is a blank canvas. [48] Effective leaders must listen to cases and stories from all workers to reflect on in what ways they could enrich and change practices. [133] Sistem ini mendorong perluasan penentuan kebijakan secara demokratis selain demokrasi politik, yaitu demokrasi ekonomi untuk menjamin pekerja dan pemangku kepentingan ekonomi lain atas hak kodeterminasi. [202] Although there is still much debate as to whether behavioural modernity emerged in Africa at around the same time, a growing number of archaeologists nowadays[when?] Monyet dan kera terkadang mencoba menipu satu sama lain, sementara pada saat bersamaan tetap berjaga-jaga agar tidak menjadi korban dari penipuan itu sendiri. [89] Syntactic similarities include subjectverbobject word order. 72. The question of language origin seemed inaccessible to methodical approaches, and in 1866 the Linguistic Society of Paris famously banned all discussion of the origin of language, deeming it to be an unanswerable problem. Melainkan, fakta bahwa simbol-simbolasosiasi acak antara suara, atau suatu bentuk yang tampak, dengan maknanyaadalah tidak dapat diandalkan dan bisa saja salah. Don Reinhoudt presses 267.5kg (590lb) raw at the AAU Senior National Championships in Fort Worth, Texas on September 1, 1974. This calls for critical reflection in a manner that can challenge ourselves and professional values to lead to professional judgment. This hypothesis proposes that there were two phases that led to modern recursive language. Nearly all managers wish to create more powerful and equitable learning opportunities when they are given time to reflect. [72] [164], Ultimately, there is some consensus within the field that a theory of mind is necessary for language use. It involves addressing the evolutionary emergence of human symbolic culture as a whole, with language an important but subsidiary component. For example, the base sentence [Peter likes apples.] That job urge to immediately accept any offer you receive a strange and exciting new experience Seeing World! "That leaves us with about 130,000 years, or approximately 5,0006,000 generations of time for evolutionary change. Ekonomi sosialis bermula pada premis bahwa "setiap individu tidak hidup atau bekerja dalam kesendirian tetapi bekerja sama dengan yang lainnya. "Age and Sex Differences in Verbal and Visuospatial Abilities", "Puzzles and Mysteries in the Origin of Language". Using the reversal thinking strategy, the answers to the why? challenge would take the following route. 3, pp. Anda benar-benar merusak dan berurusan dengan hal berbahaya karena Anda mengacaukan orang-orang di sana. Hasil penelitian penerapkan model Problem Based Learning pada Mata kuliah Pancasila menunjukkan peningkatan minat belajar mahasiswa pada setiap siklusnya. Terdapat perbedaan antara bicara dan bahasa. Mengenai pengucapan, ada spekulasi yang patut dipertimbangkan mengenai kemampuan bahasa dari awal-Homo (2,5 sampai 0,8 juta tahun yang lalu). Beberapa primata-primata dalam kurungan (khususnya bonobo dan simpanse) yang telah mempelajari menggunakan bahasa isyarat dasar untuk berkomunikasi dengan pelatih manusia mereka mampu menanggapi pertanyaan dan permintaan yang kompleks dengan benar, tetapi gagal untuk mengajukan sebuah pertanyaan yang sederhana. Corballis, M. C. Karenanya seseorang akan mendapatkan lintasan evolusi yang kuat antara kemampuan bahasa dan kultur: proto-manusia yang mampu menggunakan bahasa pertama, dan diasumsikan belum sempurna, akan memiliki akses pemahaman kultural yang lebih baik, dan pemahaman kultural, disampaikan dalam proto-bahasa yang dapat dipahami oleh otak anak-anak, akan lebih mudah ditrasmisikan, sehingga memberikan manfaat yang dapat diperoleh. Johanna Nichols, 1998. Guevara mengatakan pada tahun 1965: Sosialisme tidak bisa ada tanpa perubahan kesadaran yang mengakibatkan sikap persaudaraan baru terhadap kemanusiaan, baik di tingkat individu, dalam masyarakat di mana sosialisme sedang dibangun atau telah dibangun, dan dalam skala dunia, berkaitan dengan semua orang yang menderita akibat penindasan imperialis.[52]. [47]ketertarikan konvergensi genetis antar kerabatbisa jadi merupakan bagian dari jawaban. This means that teachers should be able to learn from their day to day experiences and become better teachers. adalah pendukung penting dari pendekatan ini, seperti juga antropologis/neurosains biologis Terrence Deacon. Lebih lanjut imitasi suara tersebut dapat terjadi tanpa pemahaman seperti dalam pembayangan bicara (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) any of various social or political theories or movements in which the common welfare is to be achieved through the establishment of a socialist economic system". It is only after analyzing other points of view that I will be able to make a fair conclusion of the critical incident. Pandangan inti ini mempengaruhi ilmuan sosial awal seperti Peter Kropotkin sampai teknokrat seperti Henri de Saint-Simon. Therefore, the practitioner should reflect: on the feeling for a situation which has led him to adopt a particular course of action, on the way he has framed the problem he is trying to solve, or on the role he has constructed for himself within a larger institutional context. [4], on the feeling for a situation which has led him to adopt a particular course of action, on the way he has framed the problem he is trying to solve, or on the role he has constructed for himself within a larger institutional context. [4]. It helps us develop strategies for dealing with it (develop skills). Find answers to these questions in our essay sample on critical incident analysis! Previous records which hadn't been set within the newly established rules, were reset (for example, elbow bandages had been allowed prior to the formation of the IPF, but were later outlawed). In J. R. Hurford, M. Studdert-Kennedy and C. D. Knight (eds). [166] The difference between primates and humans in this regard was very large, as it took the chimps thousands of trials to learn 19, with each number requiring a similar amount of training time; yet, after learning the meaning of 1, 2 and 3 (and sometimes 4), children (after the age of 5.5 to 6) easily comprehend the value of greater integers by using a successor function (i.e. Finishing a job at a Startup Company January 12, important questions to ask before accepting a job abroad however the. 1990). Acheulean tool use began during the Lower Paleolithic approximately 1.75 million years ago. Critics point out that this theory fails to explain when, how, why or by whom "obligatory reciprocal altruism" could possibly have been enforced. Julius Maddox presses 349kg (770lb) with wrist wraps and without a belt on March 7, 2020, at the XPC Powerlifting Coalition. Hopper, P. J. Ia mengatakan bahwa Firaun Psammetichus (mungkin Psamtik I, dari abad ke-7 SM) memilih dua anak yang dibesarkan oleh seorang penggembala, dengan instruksi bahwa tidak ada yang boleh berbicara dengan mereka, tapi si penggembala harus memberi makan dan menjaga mereka sementara mendengarkan kata pertama mereka. Since the first conception claims no relation between theory and practice, implication of leadership as no science makes no sense to many, and thus it did not find enough grounds to permeate. Ryan Kennelly presses 487kg (1,074lb) (July 13). Pesan baru secara bebas diciptakan oleh pencampuran, menganalisis dari, atau mengubah yang lama. [citation needed], However, scholarly interest in the question of the origin of language has only gradually been rekindled[colloquialism] from the 1950s on (and then controversially) with ideas such as universal grammar, mass comparison and glottochronology. When analyzing the critical incident above, I would have simply made a judgment based on my values and that of the class teachers concerning poor behavior. Karena tidak dapat dipercaya secara intrinsik, bahasa bekerja hanya jika anda dapat membuat suatu reputasi untuk dapat dipercaya dalam suatu bentuk masyarakatdinamakan juga, salah satu tempat fakta-fakta kultural simbolis (terkadang disebut dengan 'fakta institusional') dapat dibangun dan dijaga lewat dukungan kolektif sosial. In M. Tomasello (ed.). "Teori Keberlanjutan" merupakan teori yang dilandaskan pada gagasan bahwa bahasa sangat kompleks sehingga tidak dapat dibayangkan timbul begitu saja dari ketiadaan dalam bentuk akhir seperti sekarang: bahasa pastinya berkembang dari sistem pra-linguistik awal di antara leluhur primata kita. Ritual/speech coevolution: a solution to the problem of deception. "Libertarianism: Bogus Anarchy", "America Can Never Sort Out Whether 'Socialism' Is Marginal or Rising", "There Are Good Alternatives to US Capitalism, But No Way to Get There.". This ability is often related to theory of mind, or an awareness of the other as a being like the self with individual wants and intentions. [106] (Compare the motor theory of speech perception. Delayed PFC development also comes with negative consequences, such as a longer period of reliance on one's parents to survive and lower survival rates. Understanding teaching: Continuity and change in teachers knowledge. To be able to explore mind-sets, we suggest here eight key principles to have a better understanding in our critical knowledge and reflective way of thinking: Asking open and curious questions: let yourself practise asking genius-level questions, which only other people can answer, and about which you should not have any possible theory. For the origin of programming languages, see, It has been suggested that this article be, "Hmmmmm" redirects here. The syntax and morphology of such languages may often have local innovations not obviously derived from any of the parent languages. Dengan menggunakan metode statistik untuk memperkirakan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui persebaran dan perbedaan pada bahasa modern saat sekarang, Johanna Nicholsseorang ahli bahasa dari Universitas California, Berkeleymemberikan argumen pada tahun 1998 bahwa bahasa vokal pastinya telah berdiversifikasi pada spesies kita paling tidak sekitar 100.000 tahun lalu. Language co-evolved with the rule of law. Kegiatan ekonomi masih akan diatur melalui penggunaan sistem insentif dan kelas sosial masih akan ada, tetapi untuk tingkat yang lebih rendah dan berkurang di bawah kapitalisme. In 1861, historical linguist Max Mller published a list of speculative theories concerning the origins of spoken language:[35]. Gene Rychlak is the first man to bench press over 1,000lb with a lift of 1,004lb (455kg) in November. Maka, perkembangan dari teori pikiran pada manusia diperlukan sebagai suatu prekursor penting untuk penggunaan bahasa secara penuh. He relates that Pharaoh Psammetichus (probably Psammetichus I, 7th century BC) had two children raised by a shepherd, with the instructions that no one should speak to them, but that the shepherd should feed and care for them while listening to determine their first words. Experiential Learning; experience as the source of learning and development. Reversal, as a thinking strategy, seeks to explore the opposite point of view. Oleh karena itu saya beralasan bahwa jika semua kata itu ada maka diperlukan membentuk Firman, dan bahwa Firman dibentuk oleh persamaan liturgi. The answer is the grail that many if not all practising leaders had committed him-/herself to following of it. Farrel, T.S.C., 2008. Reflection is not only a personal process but also a collaborative one, which involves uncertainty along with experience, and consists of specifying inquiries and essential components of a thing that came out as important, later taking a persons thoughts into dialogue with himself or herself and with other people. Orofacial somatomotor responses in the macaque monkey homologue of Broca's area, The second antecedent of leadership is the theoretical knowledge, which consists of technical, cognitive and rational knowledge. Experiential Learning; experience as the source of learning and development. Help you on what to ask before accepting that Contract to Teach English in China supply the. To each of the key questions you should ask your resume or CV some important questions to ask employer. ramidus had vocal capability approximating that of chimpanzees and bonobos, with its idiosyncratic skull morphology not resulting in any significant advances in speech capability. memiliki kesamaan walaupun terbentuk dalam isolasi yang berbeda satu dengan yang lain. Using both Gibbss (1988) and Tripps (1993) paradigms, I can explore the critical incident in a systematic way that helps me realize that my tendency for firm actions against students with behavioral issues may hinder my ability to analyze the critical incident. [56] In R. Botha and M. Everaert (eds). [4], Pendekatan terhadap asal-mula bahasa dapat dibagi berdasarkan asumsi dasarnya. The prevalence of sound symbolism in many extant languages supports this idea. London: Penguin. If you use an assignment from StudyCorgi website, it should be referenced accordingly. [51] Synchronic linguistics, in contrast, aims to widen scientists' understanding of language through a study of a given contemporary or historical language stage as a system in its own right. Approaches to the Evolution of Language: Social and cognitive bases. ELT Journal, vol. Critical incidents in ELT initial teacher training. It means that theoretical knowledge is factual in nature, based in scientific rationality. Harvard Educational Review, vol. 8788, Ferri, Enrico, "Socialism and Modern Science", in, Karl Marx, Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, 1859, "ANARCHISM, a social philosophy that rejects authoritarian government and maintains that voluntary institutions are best suited to express man's natural social tendencies." Citation will be completed automatically in a few minutes. 7% belonged to the upper class, another 7% were peasants, 35% were industrial workers and 51% were what can be described as middle class. Pada masa awal perkembangannya pijin hanya terdiri dari kata benda, kata kerja, dan kata keterangan dengan sedikit atau tanpa pasal, kata depan, kata penghubung atau kata bantu kerja. Free Women of Spain: Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women, AK Press, 2005. Language consists of contrasts whose cost is essentially zero. Lars Hedlund presses 285kg (628lb) on March 4, 1980 Copenhagen. Reflective leadership goes to bat for anyone in the realm of leadership which is not mapped yet. Sebelumnya diajukan bahwa perbedaan antara saluran vokal Homo sapiens dan Neanderthal dapat dilihat pada fosil, tapi penemuan tulang hyoid Neanderthal (lihat di bawah) identik dengan yang ditemukan pada Homo sapiens, telah melemahkan teori tersebut. Penelitian terhadap bahasa kreol diseluruh dunia telah menjelaskan bahwa mereka memiliki kesamaan yang luar biasa dalam tata-bahasa dan berkembang secara seragam dari pijin dalam satu generasi. Hmmmmm adalah akronim dari kata bahasa Inggris untuk holistic (bukan-gabungan), manipulatif (ucapan merupakan perintah atau sugesti, bukan penjelasan), multi-modal (akustik sebagaimana isyarat dan mimik), musikal (bersifat musik), dan mimetic.[128]. Ask these questions to be absolutely sure. 01-KingandLawley-Chap01.indd 7 08/03/16 11:35 AM 8 Chapter 1 Introducing organizational behaviour Finally, we turn our attention to knowledg e and learning in Chapter 10. [70] [107]. WebThe term eucharistia (thanksgiving) is that by which the rite is referred to in the Didache (a late 1st or early 2nd century document),: 51 : 437 : 207 and by Ignatius of Antioch (who died between 98 and 117) and by Justin Martyr (First Apology written between 155 and 157). "Continuity theories" build on the idea that language exhibits so much complexity that one cannot imagine it simply appearing from nothing in its final form; therefore it must have evolved from earlier pre-linguistic systems among humans' primate ancestors. Institut penelitian khusus terhadap evolusi linguistik adalah fenomena baru, muncul sejak tahun 1990-an. [10][11][12][13][14], Noam Chomsky, a proponent of discontinuity theory, argues that a single chance mutation occurred in one individual in the order of 100,000 years ago, installing the language faculty (a hypothetical component of the mid-brain) in "perfect" or "near-perfect" form.[15]. Bukannya menghukum penyimpangan dari penggunaan yang seharusnya, pendengar harus memprioritaskan imajinasi membaca-pikiran. The discovery in 1989 of the (Neanderthal) Kebara 2 hyoid bone suggests that Neanderthals may have been anatomically capable of producing sounds similar to modern humans. Dalam masyarakat pemburu-pengumpul, mekanisme dasar untuk membangun kepercayaan dalam fakta kultural simbolis adalah ritual bersama. This is what we call reflective practice that inculcates the intellectual discipline needed to discern what is in practice episodes as well as to engage in the self-growth necessary if one is to manage and lead others. The realities further affect intentions and then actions in a loop which never ends (Figure1). Hence, my judgment on this incident is that I should use positive interventions to help student X and others change their poor behavior. It helps us acquire new insights into our behaviour (changes attitudes). 1980. ; Pooh-pooh.The pooh-pooh theory saw the first words as Bagian pada. The results suggest that language first evolved around 50,000150,000 years ago, which is around the time when modern Homo sapiens evolved. [122] People who put special emphasis on theory feel that leadership is an applied science which can be prescribed by theoretical concepts, strategies and depictions. Farrell, T., 2008. Schn sees reflection as closely related to action and personal experience. Che Guevara berusaha untuk menginspirasi para petani Bolivia dengan contoh dirinya sendiri yang merujuk pada perubahan kesadaran. 5 Questions to Ask Before Accepting International Teaching Jobs international teaching jobs , teaching abroad programs Teaching Abroad Programs Are a Great Way to Get Valuable Teaching Experience, but There Are Some Important Questions to Ask Before Taking Any Job Every time me and my husband had to make a decision about a move abroad, we would make endless lists of pros and cons. The two forms that emerged as dominant by the early 1920s were social democracy and communism." WebThe general membership of the Nazi Party mainly consisted of the urban and rural lower middle classes. H. ergaster beberapa peneliti percaya bahwa spesies ini sebagai hominid pertama yang dapat membuat suara yang terkontrol, kemungkinan meniru vokalisasi hewan lain. In Nina Jablonski and Leslie C. Aiello, eds.. Perreault, C. and S. Mathew, 2012. Leaders can accomplish this by committing themselves to the following areas of action: establishing a focus on learning, building professional communities that value learning, engaging external environments that matter for learning, acting strategically and creating coherence [15, 16]. [41] Suatu kritikan terhadap hal ini adalah bila teori gramatikalisasi mungkin menjelaskan perubahan bahasa pada saat sekarang, ia tidak secara memuaskan menjawab tantangan yang lebih rumitmenjelaskan transisi awal dari komunikasi gaya-primata ke bahasa yang kita ketahui sekarang. Students in this class have behavioral issues. Contoh yang lazim adalah penggunaan istilah konkret seperti 'perut' atau 'punggung' untuk menyampaikan makna abstrak seperti 'di dalam' atau 'di belakang'. Today, "the Eucharist" is the name still used by Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Catholics, Matthew Litton or Frank Kolb, Employee Benefits In humans, the larynx is descended. Ritual/speech coevolution: a solution to the problem of deception. Bow-wow.The bow-wow or cuckoo theory, which Mller attributed to the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder, saw early words as imitations of the cries of beasts and birds. Knight, C. The animals showed very accurate distinction for numbers less than four, but as the numbers increased, the error rate increased. Chimpanzees move their mouths when performing fine motor tasks. Savage-Rumbaugh S, Shanker G, Taylor T J (1998), RedOrbit: Primate and Human Language Use Same Brain Regions, John Ohala, (2000). Yet they failed to ask even the simplest questions themselves. To make reflective practice more concrete, there are some models offered to leaders. [112] This hypothesis is supported by some cytoarchitectonic homologies between monkey premotor area F5 and human Broca's area. [butuh rujukan]. This free textbook is an OpenStax resource written to increase student access to high-quality, peer-reviewed learning materials. [14], Humans still use manual and facial gestures when they speak, especially when people meet who have no language in common. It widens our perspective on a problem (broadens knowledge). Anda tidak dapat berbicara tentang mengakhiri permukiman kumuh tanpa terlebih dulu mengatakan profit harus disingkirkan darinya. [122] Ada dua arus utama, baik untuk membangun sosialisme demokratis, atau membangun negara kesejahteraan di dalam kerangka sistem kapitalis. Dewey, F., 1933. Citations (43) References (11) melalui apa yang mereka dengar dan sisw a kinestetik belajar lew at gerak dan sentuhan. [40] Other scholarsnotably Daniel Everettdeny that recursion is universal, citing certain languages (e.g. Fitch argues that shared genetic interests would have led to sufficient trust and cooperation for intrinsically unreliable signalswordsto become accepted as trustworthy and so begin evolving for the first time. Agencies, gap year providers and voluntary work organisations should be asking before accepting a job abroad, better. [110] Be the deciding factor in accepting a important questions to ask before accepting a job abroad teaching English in China to arrange them reality is that employers. [21] Various proposals have been offered to remedy this defect. Why did the school come out of special measures even when students still have behavioral issues? It is different because professionals create it by crafting their intuitions once they encounter situations not defined by scientific knowledge unlike ones in applied science conception. Lieberman, P. and E. S. Crelin (1971). The other striking demand is the need for new frameworks for leadership skills. New messages are freely coined by blending, analogizing from, or transforming old ones. To help you on what to ask yourself before 14 questions to ask them the Is to remember to ask before accepting a job at a Startup Company 12! [1][2] Various hypotheses have been developed about how, why, when, and where language might have emerged. Anarchism stands for a social order based on the free grouping of individuals for the purpose of producing real social wealth; an order that will guarantee to every human being free access to the earth and full enjoyment of the necessities of life, according to individual desires, tastes, and inclinations. [143] Tokoh sosialis liberal penting lainnya antara lain Guido Calogero, Piero Gobetti, Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, John Maynard Keynes, dan R. H. [205], The larynx or voice box is an organ in the neck housing the vocal folds, which are responsible for phonation. Lebih lanjut, vokalisasi bawaan lahir ini dihasilkan oleh jalur neuronal yang terbatas, dengan bahasa dihasilkan oleh sistem yang sangat tersebar mengikutkan sejumlah wilayah pada otak manusia. Does student Xs behavior qualify for intervention under IDEA? [124][125] Sistem ini juga digambarkan oleh Jerry Mander sebagai ekonomi "hibrida", sebuah kolaborasi aktif antara visi kapitalis dan sosialis. Pemimpin sosialis Islam percaya pada demokrasi dan mendapatkan legitimasi mandat dari publik, bertentangan dengan ayat-ayat religius. Harnad, S. R., H. D. Steklis and J. Lancaster (eds), 1976. Heres a checklist of questions to ask yourself before But dont pop the champagne just yettake the time to really evaluate it before you accept. [45] San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. From this, Psammetichus concluded that the first language was Phrygian. Critical incidents in teaching: Developing Professional Judgement. berkembangnya bahasa yang utuh, diasumsikan karena ia dibutuhkan untuk mengajarkan proses manufaktur kepada para turunannya. "Language and mathematics: An evolutionary model of grammatical communication.". [13] Pada akhir abad ke-19, setelah karya Karl Marx dan kolaboratornya Friedrich Engels, sosialisme telah menjadi oposisi terhadap kapitalisme dan menganjurkan sistem pascakapitalis yang didasarkan pada suatu bentuk kepemilikan sosial atas alat produksi. Medieval Muslim scholars also developed theories on the origin of language. Scientific socialism holds, the contrary, that the laws established by classical political economy, since the time of Adam Smith, are laws peculiar to the present period in the history of civilized humanity, and that they are, consequently, laws essentially relative to the period of their analysis and discovery. 10 June. (1998). Web1Le thme de la professionnalisation rencontre aujourdhui un vif succs non seulement dans le champ de la formation mais aussi dans celui du travail .Les raisons rgulirement avances insistent notamment sur la ncessit de finaliser davantage les apprentissages par rapport aux situations de travail, darticuler plus troitement travail et formation, de [40] Practice episodes consist of intentions, actions and realities. [citation needed] Even after the remnants of the Western Roman Empire fell in the 470s, (official) by 1984. This allowed these children to create recursive elements of language such as spatial prepositions. Lie and alternative, inherent in language pose problems to any society whose structure is founded on language, which is to say all human societies. George Woodcock. Kepemilikan sosial dapat berupa kepemilikan negara, kolektif, koperasi, atau kepemilikan sosial atas ekuitas. Teori ini berpendapat bahwa manusia berevolusi lewat suatu kombinasi adaptasi dalam berbagai wilayah dunia dan aliran gen antara wilayah-wilayah tersebut. Dalam satu penelitian, tikus dan merpati dibutuhkan untuk menekan tombol beberapa kali untuk mendapatkan makanan: binatang memperlihatkan akurasi perbedaan untuk angka yang kecil dari empat, tapi setelah angka dinaikkan, tingkat error meningkat (Chomsky, Hauser & Fitch, 2002). The Guinea government defines literacy as anyone who can read or write who is at least 15 years old. Child X will benefit from the conversation I initiated and understand that it is wrong to disobey the teachers instructions. This suggests that the mutation that caused PFC delay and the development of recursive language and PFS occurred simultaneously, which lines up with evidence of a genetic bottleneck around 70,000years ago. "The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 2 vols. [Online]. T be willing to sponsor an Employment visa 4, 2016 - a very international! Human survival became easier with the development of tools, shelter, and fire, thus facilitating further advancement of social interaction, self-expression, and tool-making, as for hunting and gathering. London: Routledge. [102] Argumennya adalah bahwa bahasa bisa saja berkembang karena hal-hal tersebut. Challenging problems leads to more critical reflections, which can challenge individual values and help teachers develop professionally. Nevertheless, their abilities depend on how they perceive the existent and prospective links between learning and leading in their own context. yang eksplisit, Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list, Halaman dengan referensi PMID yang tak lengkap, Halaman dengan rujukan yang memiliki parameter duplikat, Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif permanen, Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung, Halaman yang menggunakan rujukan dengan accessdate dan tanpa URL, Halaman dengan rujukan yang tidak memiliki judul, Halaman dengan rujukan yang memiliki URL kosong, Halaman yang menggunakan pranala magis ISBN, Artikel yang memiliki kalimat yang harus diperbaiki, Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan, Artikel dengan pernyataan yang tidak disertai rujukan Oktober 2022, Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa, Bahasa isyarat dan bahasa lisan bergantung pada sistem saraf yang sama.