Since the initiation of the supermarket, many other investments including greenspace, housing, and commercial spaces have been implemented in the intervention neighborhood (226). ], When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obstruction of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided in early 1857 to install a non-Mormon governor. If you are throwing a tea party, at home, then, you need not bother about keeping your housemaid engaged for preparing several cups of tea or coffee. In sum, food environment factors of food unavailability, inaccessibility, and insecurity each demonstrate associations with worse diabetes risk and outcomes, and interventions including diabetes-targeted food and self-management care at food banks and pantries and increasing grocery store presence in low-income neighborhoods are few, but collectively they demonstrate the potential to impact diabetes risk, clinical outcomes, and psychosocial outcomes. After more than twenty years, Questia is discontinuing operations as of Monday, December 21, 2020. . As governor, Young had promised the federal government he would protect immigrants passing through Utah Territory, but over 120 men, women and children were killed in this incident. In a natural experiment design, the Pittsburgh Hill/Homewood Study on Eating, Shopping, and Health (PHRESH) tested the effects of adding a supermarket, along with other neighborhood investments, on cardiometabolic risk factors among a randomly selected cohort of residents from two low-income, urban, and predominately African American matched neighborhoods (222,224). Patients in contextEHR capture of social and behavioral determinants of health. Lack of social support has been linked with increased mortality and diabetes-related complications in T2DM (291,295). Compared with nonpoor Whites in nonpoor neighborhoods, odds of diabetes were highest for poor Whites in poor neighborhoods (odds ratio [OR] 2.51, 95% CI = 1.314.81), followed by poor Blacks in poor neighborhoods and nonpoor Blacks in poor neighborhoods (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.504.01, and OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.484.19), and finally poor Whites in nonpoor neighborhoods (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.162.57) (49). [45][46] Young campaigned against Bennett's allegations that Joseph Smith practiced "spiritual wifery"; Young knew of Smith's hidden practice of polygamy. Young negotiated with Stephen A. Douglas and agreed to lead church members out of Nauvoo in the spring in exchange for peace. Lucy and Young had seven children together. The authors express appreciation to Malaika I. Hill and Mindy Saraco of the American Diabetes Association; Elizabeth A. Vrany, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; and Shelly Johnson, Washington University in St. Louis, for providing technical assistance for this review. As such, this article describes findings from systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as more recent published studies on the named SDOH; it was not designed as a primary systematic review of all published research on the topic. Are diabetics more susceptible to the health effects of airborne particles? With a health care shift toward greater emphasis on population health outcomes and value-based care, social determinants of health (SDOH) have risen to the forefront as essential intervention targets to achieve health equity (24). WebFind latest news from every corner of the globe at Reuters.com, your online source for breaking international news coverage. D.H.-J. Accessed 25 October 2020. (188) found availability of fast-food outlets and convenience stores to be associated with higher T2DM risk/prevalence and perceived healthfulness of the food environment to be associated with lower diabetes risk/prevalence, but no association was found between density of grocery stores and T2DM risk/prevalence. First, the undertaking was designed to summarize literature on the range of SDOH identified as having impact on diabetes outcomes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Tools for Putting Social Determinants of Health Into Action (, National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, Questions for conducting social and behavioral determinant assessment and frequencies for assessing. Sec. [179] In 1865, Karl Maeser began to privately tutor Young's fifty-six children and stopped when he was called on a mission to Germany in 1867. Ensure that health inequity is measured. Young had a somewhat mixed view of slavery which historian John G. Turner called a "bundle of contradictions". Available from, The science of eliminating health disparities: summary and analysis of the NIH summit recommendations, New research directions on disparities in obesity and type 2 diabetes, Institute of Medicine Committee on Understanding Eliminating Racial Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. The evidence is extensive for air pollution exposures (162,163). T.L.G.-W. received personal fees for service on an advisory board about prioritizing food insecurity research topics for the Aspen Institute. [52] Young travelled east with Wilford Woodruff and George A. Smith from July to October 1843 on a mission to raise funds for the Nauvoo temple and its guesthouse. The reviewed SDOH are shown in Table 2. Deaths have been reported from insulin CRN among youth and adults with T1DM (241). On this mission he visited the family of his aunt, Rhoda Howe Richards. Research is also needed to test intermediate strategies at the clinical level, such as exposure screening (e.g., asking about living near highways or using private wells for drinking water) and recommendations to test air or water, reduce known sources of exposure (e.g., minimize packaged foods, avoid heating food in plastic containers, and minimize use of certain cosmetic products), and make home interventions (e.g., install filters for air or water contaminants) (174176). According to Young, the matter was beyond his personal control, and was divinely determined rather than historically or personally as many assumed. WebHarry Christopher Caray (n Carabina; March 1, 1914 February 18, 1998) was an American radio and television sportscaster.During his career he called the play-by-play for five Major League Baseball teams, beginning with 25 years of calling the games of the St. Louis Cardinals (with two of those years also spent calling games for the St. Louis Browns). SDOH and diabetes research recommendations. For example, Whitaker et al. Healthy People 2020: An Opportunity to Address the Societal Determinants of Health in the United States. AHRQ, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; NASEM, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; NIH, National Institutes of Health; CMS, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; PCORI, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. In 1849, Young arranged for a printing press to be brought to the Salt Lake Valley, which was later used to print the Deseret News periodical. Accessed 10 June 2020. [107] The Young Women organization was first called the Retrenchment Association, and was intended to promote the turning of young girls away from the costly and extravagant ways of the world. (79) also discuss the multiple intricacies associated with how race, place, and poverty converge in a dynamic way across various spatial contexts and circumstances to influence health and propose that understanding the intersection of these contextual influences is needed to prevent diabetes inequities. These social and environmental factors collectively are known as SDOH (21,26,27). Contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health: a systematic review and analysis, Food preferences and coping strategies among diabetic and nondiabetic households served by US food pantries, Food insecurity, processes of care, and self-reported medication underuse in patients with type 2 diabetes: results from the California Health Interview Survey, Food insecurity and cost-related medication underuse among nonelderly adults in a nationally representative sample, The relationship between food insecurity and depression, diabetes distress and medication adherence among low-income patients with poorly-controlled diabetes, Household food insecurity is positively associated with depression among low-income supplemental nutrition assistance program participants and income-eligible nonparticipants, A systematic review and meta-analysis of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders in US adults with food insecurity, Chronic disease self-management within the monthly benefit cycle of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, Food insecurity is associated with diabetes mellitus: results from the National Health Examination and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002, Food insecurity, food deserts, and glycemic control in patients with diabetes: a longitudinal analysis, Material need support interventions for diabetes prevention and control: a systematic review, Exhaustion of food budgets at months end and hospital admissions for hypoglycemia, Food insecurity is associated with hypoglycemia and poor diabetes self-management in a low-income sample with diabetes, Food insecurity and glycemic control among low-income patients with type 2 diabetes, Food insecurity and metabolic control among U.S. adults with diabetes, Low socioeconomic status is associated with increased risk for hypoglycemia in diabetes patients: the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE), Food insecurity is associated with diabetes self-care behaviours and glycaemic control, Comprehensive diabetes self-management support from food banks: a randomized controlled trial, Comprehensive and medically appropriate food support is associated with improved HIV and diabetes health. N Engl J Med 2018;378:24562458. Ensure stronger focus on social determinants in public health research. Overall, the evidence supports an increased risk of diabetes in populations exposed to environmental chemicals including arsenic, persistent organic pollutants, phthalates, and possibly bisphenol. Because it is often not feasible or ethical to randomize neighborhoods to receive certain structural interventions, natural experiment designs are used in which the researcher does not control or withhold intervention allocation to particular areas; rather, natural or predetermined variation in allocation occurs, often as a result of policy intervention (119). He also led the Anointed Quorum. The affidavit was created at John C. Bennett's request, after his excommunication and in conjunction with his distribution of false information combined with true information about the church's practice of polygamy. Third, this review was U.S.-focused; conclusions from SDOH research in other countries, which in some instances may utilize more standardly defined SDOH variables (e.g., occupation) are not part of this initial review. In the early 1850s, he expressed some support for the antislavery "free soil" position in American politics,[165] and in January 1852, he declared in a speech that "no property can or should be recognized as existing in slaves", suggesting opposition to the existence of slavery. "[70][71] The indictment of Young and other leaders, combined with rumors that troops would prevent the Mormons from leaving led Young to start their exodus in February 1846. Since Young's death, a number of works have published collections of his discourses and sayings. WebEstablished in 1946 and based in Boston, Massachusetts, Fidelity Investments began as a small mutual fund firm and has grown into a nationwide provider of diverse financial services. Author Contributions. Categories include emotional support, tangible support, informational support, and companionship (282285). A metaanalysis of nine intervention trials with 1,874 adults with T2DM found that literacy-sensitive interventions were associated with a small but statistically significant decrease in HbA1c (0.18%; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.004) in comparison with usual clinical care (75) in patients regardless of health literacy status. Establish organizational commitment to addressing disparities and health-related social needs. [83][84] Young and his counselors were again sustained unanimously by church members at a church conference in Salt Lake City in September 1850.[85]. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010. [11] Their daughter, Elizabeth, was born on September 26, 1825. Housing intervention studies reporting diabetes outcomes are few; however, there is some high-quality evidence for housing interventions. People with CRN experience poorer diabetes management, higher HbA1c, and decreased functional status (231,240). [8] Young reported having a strict Puritan-style Christian upbringing. [75] Two days after their arrival, Young and the Twelve Apostles climbed the peak just north of the city and raised the American flag, calling it the "Ensign of Liberty. "[128] In 1863, Young stated: "Shall I tell you the law of God in regard to the African race? As part of the Reformation, almost all "active" or involved LDS Church members were rebaptized as a symbol of their commitment. In other words, if Microsoft owned Call of Duty and other Activision franchises, the CMA argues the company could use those products to siphon away PlayStation owners to the Xbox ecosystem by making them available on Game Pass, which at $10 to $15 a month can be more attractive than paying $60 to $70 to own a game [99], In 1856, Young organized an efficient mail service known as the Brigham Young Express and Carrying Company, which transported mail and passengers between Missouri and California. Results of these neighborhood investments on measured BMI, blood pressure, HbA1c, and HDL cholesterol will be forthcoming. Measuring the effects of socioeconomic status on health care, Guidance for the National Healthcare Disparities Report, Type 2 diabetes incidence and socio-economic position: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Socioeconomic position and health among persons with diabetes mellitus: a conceptual framework and review of the literature, Socioeconomic disparities in health in the United States: what the patterns tell us, Disparities in diabetes: the nexus of race, poverty, and place, Disparities in the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes United States, 1999-2002 and 2011-2014, The geography of diabetes by census tract in a large sample of insured adults in King County, Washington, 2005-2006, Mapping census tract clusters of type 2 diabetes in a primary care population, Using neighborhood-level census data to predict diabetes progression in patients with laboratory-defined prediabetes, Socioeconomic status and risk of diabetes-related mortality in the U.S, Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, morbidity and diabetes management for adults with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review, Inequalities in glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis according to socio-economic status and area-level deprivation in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review, Health disparities among youth with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review of the current literature, The longitudinal influence of social determinants of health on glycemic control in elderly adults with diabetes, National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2017. Nomenclatures for shared determinants among four social determinants of health frameworks, the World Health Organization Commission on the Social Determinants of Health, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Healthy People 2020, the County Health Rankings Model, and the Kaiser Family Foundation Social Determinants of Health framework. For example, the upstream sociopolitical context and resulting socioeconomic position are root cause, structural determinants of health inequities that work through intermediary sets of determinants to cause health inequities. (114) reported significant associations of both walking environment ( = 0.040) and neighborhood activities ( = 0.104) with exercise in a southeastern U.S. population with diabetes. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2014. (113) examined longitudinal studies of the built environment and cardiometabolic health. More recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses present the growing literature examining multiple groups of chemicals (148,151) or specific groups of chemicals (152154). Common among the frameworks is placement of economic and socioeconomic determinants as foremost. He credited Young's leadership with helping to settle much of the American West:[162]. The strongest diet-related studies were those that evaluated regulations to the food environment, and the strongest PA-related studies were those that improved infrastructure for active transport. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. [140] The Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. P.L.T. (287) concluded that social capital was positively associated with diabetes control among different populations, independent of the quality or quantity of social capital. WebFormal theory. Compared with VA patients with diabetes, risk of CRN was found to be almost three times higher for privately insured patients and four to eight times higher for patients with Medicare, Medicaid, or no health insurance (240). Wagonmaster Luke Winner (Morgan Woodward) feels compelled to leave the instrument behind until Ridges finds solid rock under the sand. WebBrigham Young (/ b r m /; June 1, 1801 August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. Results showed strong evidence for impact of walkability on T2DM outcomes, with four of seven studies (57%) showing significant findings in the aggregated analyses using objective and perceived measures of walkability. [69] Some Mormons counterfeited American and Mexican money, and a grand jury indicted Young and other church leaders in 1845. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. A systematic review by Flr et al. In addition to air pollution, some evidence is also available for metals. Fidelity Investments has locations in more than a dozen U.S. states and offices in Canada, China, Ireland, and India. The machines that we sell or offer on rent are equipped with advanced features; as a result, making coffee turns out to be more convenient, than before. In the two years since he published Goliath: The 100-Year War Between Monopoly Power and Democracyand launched his Substack, state and federal government agencies have filed more than a half dozen antitrust cases against Big Tech firms, which he attributes to his The seed of Canaan cannot hold any office, civil or ecclesiastical. For example, in a recent study by Kolak et al. This article begins with an overview of key definitions and SDOH frameworks. In a longitudinal study, they examined food affordability and neighborhood price of healthier food relative to unhealthy food and its association with T2DM and insulin resistance. Approximately 20% of diabetes patients report household food insecurity (197), and food insecurity is a risk factor for poor diabetes management (196). One systematic review did not find higher diabetes prevalence than in the general population among persons experiencing homelessness, estimating approximately 8% prevalence in adults who do and do not experience homelessness (94). Accessed 14 August 2020. WebThe Business Journals features local business news from 40-plus cities across the nation. Available from, National Association of Chronic Disease Directors, Community programs linked to clinical services community health workers: reimbursement/advocacy. Matt Stoller American Economic Liberties Project Director, Research. [122] The LDS Church has formally repudiated the doctrine as early as 1889,[123] and multiple times since the days of Young. Mary Ann, who was pregnant at the time, had provided for Young's two daughters and the children of her brother Solomon Angell and their friend Lorenzo Booth while Young was away with Zion's Camp. In the story line, the organ built and guided west to Salt Lake City by Joseph Harris Ridges (18271914) of Australia becomes mired in the sand. While a part of the package is offered free of cost, the rest of the premix, you can buy at a throwaway price. History of Brigham Young, entry dated 5 Jan. 1852, in Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDSCA. (298) documented associations of major and everyday discrimination experiences with incident diabetes among a diverse sample of 5,310 middle-aged to older adults from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. M.H.C. Food SDOH factors (e.g., insecurity and access) are classified as economic stability (29), neighborhood and built environment (29), material circumstances (28), or as an independent category (33). "[105] The school broke off from the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy in 1876 under the leadership of Karl G. Maeser,[105] and was the precursor to Brigham Young University. v. Moline Builders, et al. Among adults with diabetes who are prescribed insulin, rates may be >25% (236,239). Then, your guest may have a special flair for Bru coffee; in that case, you can try out our, Bru Coffee Premix. Adults with diabetes with an annual household income of <$50,000 are more likely to engage in CRN than their counterparts with income $50,000, and uninsured adults with diabetes are more likely to engage in CRN than those with insurance (236). [148], Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877,[149] Young was suffering from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. Tabaei et al. Differences in diabetes risk and outcomes can result from multiple contributors, including biological, clinical, and nonclinical factors (1). Social cohesion refers to the extent of connectedness and solidarity among groups in a community (271,277) and has two dimensions: reduction of inequalities and patterns of social exclusion of population subgroups from full participation in society (278) and strengthening of social relationships and interactions (279281). Sociodemographic disparities in care quality are well documented in national reports and recommendations (2) and appear to remain consistent over time (243). Food insecurity is defined as not having adequate quantity and quality of food at all times for all household members to have an active, healthy life (195,196). Young is the longest-serving president of the LDS Church to date, having served for 29 years. In an experimental model, mice with diabetes exposed to diesel exhaust particles showed increased cardiovascular susceptibility compared with mice without diabetes (165). S.A.B. Tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources. [102] Young viewed education as a process of learning how to make the Kingdom of God a reality on earth, and at the core of his "philosophy of education" was the belief that the church had within itself all that was necessary to save mankind materially, spiritually, and intellectually. Food insecurity incentivizes more affordable, energy-dense foods that can directly raise serum glucose (e.g., refined carbohydrates, processed snacks and sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages, etc.) is supported in part by NIH and NIDDK grant P30DK092949. He was later joined by his family and by other members of the church in Missouri. [111], Though polygamy was practiced by Young's predecessor, Joseph Smith,[112] the practice is often associated with Young. (194) note that it is reasonable to expect that large differences in price between healthy and unhealthy foods would lead to differences in purchasing patterns and resulting diets and that those differences would be more prominent for individuals of lower SES. Either way, the machines that we have rented are not going to fail you. Coffee premix powders make it easier to prepare hot, brewing, and enriching cups of coffee. For members of large organizations, occupational hierarchies of job titles capture work conditions as well as qualifications and pay (e.g., civil service grades). He also married in Nauvoo, but did not have children with: Augusta Adams Cobb, Susannah Snively, Eliza Bowker, Ellen A. Rockwood, and Namah K. J. Establish consensus core SDOH definitions and metrics. "[76], Upon being asked why he chose for them to settle in the Salt Lake Valley, Young stated: "We have been kicked out of the frying-pan into the fire, out of the fire into the middle of the floor, and here we are and here we will stay. Measure and understand the problem and assess the impact of action. The WHO recommendations are unique in their emphasis on root-cause, multisector interventions designed to remove the SDOH as a barrier to health equity. N Engl J Med 2015;372:698701. A review by Bilal et al. [86][87] He was sworn in by Justice Daniel H. Wells for a salary of $1,500 a year, and named as superintendent of Indian Affairs for an additional $1,000. [144] Young eventually reached a settlement with the aid of a peace commission and agreed to step down as governor. From another planet, Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. First, in the nutritional pathway, food insecurity is associated with lower diet quality (201), which is in turn associated with higher HbA1c. Carter. The software giant claims the UK CMA regulator has been listening too much to Sonys arguments over its Activision Blizzard acquisition. Here, built environment factors of walkability and greenspace are reviewed. Available from, The food environment, its effects on dietary consumption, and potential for measurement within agriculture-nutrition interventions, Measures of the food environment: a systematic review of the field, 2007-2015, Measures of the food environment: a compilation of the literature, 1990-2007, Concepts and critical perspectives for food environment research: a global framework with implications for action in low- and middle-income countries, A national study of the association between food environments and county-level health outcomes, Examining the relationship between the food environment and adult diabetes prevalence by county economic and racial composition: an ecological study, Neighborhood resources for physical activity and healthy foods and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, Built environmental characteristics and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Neighborhood social and physical environments and type 2 diabetes mellitus in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study, Implications of supermarket access, neighbourhood walkability and poverty rates for diabetes risk in an employee population, Longitudinal associations between neighborhood physical and social environments and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), Combined measure of neighborhood food and physical activity environments and weight-related outcomes: the CARDIA study, Associations of residential socioeconomic, food, and built environments with glycemic control in persons with diabetes in New York City from 20072013, Neighborhood price of healthier food relative to unhealthy food and its association with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, Household food security in the United States in 2013 (Economic Research Report No. [178] Young built the Lion House, the Beehive House, the Gardo House, and the White House in downtown Salt Lake City to accommodate his sizable family. researched data and contributed to writing and reviewing/editing the manuscript. History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). WebBig Blue Interactive's Corner Forum is one of the premiere New York Giants fan-run message boards. [141], Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Latter-day Saint colonies were incorporated into the United States through the Mexican Cession. Available from, Social determinants of health: evidence on social determinants of health. the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, priesthood on men of black African descent, issued a "selective extermination" order against male Timpanogos, vast arid West between the Rockies and the Sierra Nevada, List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States, "Brigham Young Biography: Facts of Faith", "Brigham Young (18011877) | FamilySearch", 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0801714, "The Religious and Family Background of Brigham Young", "Setting the Record Straight: Brigham Young's Baptism Date", "The Mantle of the Prophet Joseph Passes to Brother Brigham: One Hundred Twenty-nine Testimonies of a Collective Spiritual Witness", "The Making of a Mormon Myth: The 1844 Transfiguration of Brigham Young", "Utah's new capitol grows from humble beginning; first political sessions were held in council house; fight for statehood", "Open Hand and Mailed Fist: MormonIndian Relations in Utah, 184752", "Looking back at 'Mormon Gold' coins, other historical Utah currencies", "The Beginnings of the University of Utah", "Brigham Young: We Must Believe in Slavery (23 January 1852)", "Education among the Mormons: Brigham Young and the Schools of Utah", "History of the Ladies' Mutual Improvement Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of L.D.S., from November 1869 to June 1910, page 93", "Vol.1, Ch.4: Brigham Young: The Father of Mormon Polygamy", "The People of God Disciplined By TrialsAtonement By the Shedding of BloodOur Heavenly FatherA Privilege Given to All the Married Sisters in Utah", "The Orson PrattBrigham Young Controversies: Conflict Within the Quorums, 1853 to 1868", "Jehovah as the Father: The Development of the Mormon Jehovah Doctrine", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctoral Perspective, Past and Present", Comprehensive History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "Letter from Bruce R. McConkie to Thomas B. McAffee", https://www.deseret.com/2010/6/18/20122138/mormon-church-statement-on-blood-atonement, "Chapter 3: Mormonism's Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview", "Brigham Young against a then-fashionable scientific form of racism", "Brigham Young and Priesthood Denial to the Blacks: An Alternate View", "The Mormon Church Disavows Its Racist Past But Still Offers No Apology", "The Mormon Reformation of 1856-1857: The Rhetoric and the Reality", "The causes of the Mormon reformation of 1856-57", "Mormonism and Capital Punishment: A Doctrinal Perspective, Past and Present", "Reopening a Mormon Murder Mystery; New Accusations That Brigham Young Himself Ordered an 1857 Massacre of Pioneers", Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, September 10, 1857, "Art: Sculpture Statues: Brigham Young", "People & Events Polygamy and the Church: A History", "Determining and Defining 'Wife' The Brigham Young Households", "Descendants of Brigham Young to Hold Annual Mass Meetings", "Brigham Young's descendants give rocking chair to Mormon church", "Mahonri Young | Smithsonian American Art Museum", "From Sherlock Holmes to Godzilla: The Mormon Image in Comics", "The Necessity of the Saints Living up to the Light Which Has Been Given Them", The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles, Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young&oldid=1126129007, American general authorities (LDS Church), American Mormon missionaries in the United Kingdom, Recipients of American presidential pardons, Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church), Apostles of the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints), Burials at the Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument, Latter Day Saint biography Infobox with missing parameters, Pages using infobox Latter Day Saint biography with unsupported parameters, Articles lacking reliable references from September 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Initial organization of Quorum of the Twelve, This page was last edited on 7 December 2022, at 18:10. Acad Med. [56][57], In 1844, Young travelled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign. In higherpopulation density areas, a cluster with relatively more natural food/specialty stores, fewer convenience stores, and more PA resources was associated with higher diet quality. Having insurance is the strongest single predictor of whether adults with diabetes are likely to meet individual quality measures of diabetes care (242). Piette et al. F.H.-B. Among people with diabetes in the lowest income strata, the proportion of income spent on health costs decreased significantly from 6.3% to 4.8% (266). Cost-related or cost-reducing nonadherence (CRN) is associated with income, insured status, and type of insurance. Examples of resources on SDOH available for health care organizations and health care professionals. When officers arrived at the Nauvoo temple to arrest Young, he sent William Miller out in Young's hat and cloak. [95][96] Young said in an 1852 speech, "In as much as we believe in the Bible we must believe in slavery. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. Young stated that upon being taught about plural marriage by Joseph Smith: "It was the first time in my life that I desired the grave. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. A meta-analysis by Kivimki et al. Below are lists of the top 10 contributors to committees that have raised at least $1,000,000 and are primarily formed to support or oppose a state ballot measure or a candidate for state office in the November 2022 general election. (52), rate of T2DM was found to be significantly higher and concentrated in census tracts characterized by factors including lower incomes, lower high school graduation rates, more single-parent households, and crowded housing. Literacy-adapted education and tools may need to be combined with more comprehensive evidence-based behavioral self-management intervention approaches to achieve substantive clinical improvements in racial/ethnic minority populations with T2DM and low literacy/health literacy (76,77). Do natural experiments of changes in neighborhood built environment impact physical activity and diet? Term ended by removal of apostleship; was later excommunicated. [94], Young supported slavery and its expansion into Utah, and led the efforts to legalize and regulate slavery in the 1852 Act in Relation to Service, based on his beliefs on slavery. Studies have examined effect of supermarket gain or loss on T2DM outcomes. WebBrittney Griner arrives in U.S. following prisoner swap; Officer who kneeled on George Floyd's back gets 3 1/2 years in prison; An alarming number of 2022 homebuyers are already underwater A prospective cohort study, Cadmium exposure and incident cardiovascular disease, Effect of disodium EDTA chelation regimen on cardiovascular events in patients with previous myocardial infarction: the TACT randomized trial, Effect of smoke-free legislation on perinatal and child health: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Impact of reductions in emissions from major source sectors on fine particulate matterrelated cardiovascular mortality, Declining exposures to lead and cadmium contribute to explaining the reduction of cardiovascular mortality in the US population, 1988-2004, Leveraging health care communication channels for environmental health outreach in New Jersey, Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: a window of opportunity, Exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals in consumer products-a guide for pediatricians, General food environment resources, 2010. In 11 prospective studies of air pollution exposure and incident diabetes in adults, the pooled hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) per 10 g/m3 increment particulate matter of <2.5 m aerodynamic diameter was 1.10 (1.041.17) (155). The majority of Young's teachings are contained in the 19 volumes of transcribed and edited sermons in the Journal of Discourses. [100] In 1858, following the events of the Utah War, he stepped down to his gubernatorial successor, Alfred Cumming.[101]. Young argued that the church needed more than a spokesman, and that the Twelve Apostles, not Rigdon, had the keys, powers, and "the fulness of the Priesthood," referring to the second anointing. A common theme in conceptual models linking housing instability to poor health is that the instability inherent to the situation makes it difficult to attend to preventive services and self-care (83,8890), leading to worse control of chronic conditions, higher use of acute-care services like emergency departments, and higher likelihood of complications (9193). [citation needed]Protestantism emphasizes the The remains of about 40 people were later found and buried, and U.S. Army officer James Henry Carleton had a large cross made from local trees, the transverse beam bearing the engraving, "Vengeance Is Mine, Saith The Lord: I Will Repay" and erected a cairn of rocks at the site. Tung et al. [135], During 1856 and 1857, a period of renewed emphasis on spirituality within the church known as the Mormon Reformation took place under Young's direction. 2904. Nationwide, the Nationwide N and Eagle and other marks displayed on this page are service marks of Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, unless otherwise disclosed. For example, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)-sponsored National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Medicaid demonstration found CDC-recognized DPP lifestyle change programs were effective in achieving performance measures among Medicaid recipients in Maryland and Oregon, and additional strategies (i.e., transportation assistance and child care) facilitated the high retention reported over the 12 months of DPP visits (261). Compared with those with high income, the relative percentage difference in prevalence of diabetes for those classified as middle income, near poor, and poor, was 40.0%, 74.1%, and 100.4%, respectively. He joined the Masons in Nauvoo on April 7, 1842, and participated in an early endowment ritual led by Joseph Smith that May and became part of the Anointed Quorum. Memorials to Young include a bronze statue in front of the Abraham O. Smoot Administration Building, Brigham Young University; a marble statue in the National Statuary Hall Collection at the United States Capitol, donated by the State of Utah in 1950;[163] and a statue atop the This is the Place Monument in Salt Lake City. Placed persons were more likely to receive evaluation and management services (relative risk [RR] 1.03, 95% CI 1.011.04) than unplaced persons (107). WebProtestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation: a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to be growing theological errors, abuses, and innovations within it. Analyses of NHIS data from 2009 and 2016 found an increase nationwide of 770,000 more adults with diabetes aged 18 to 64 years with health insurance coverage in 2016, with a significant increase in coverage seen among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics, people with family income <$35,000, and people across educational attainment strata (less than high school and more than high school) (266). WebEach of following insurers who transact business in California are domiciled in California and have their principal place of business in Los Angeles, CA: Farmers Insurance Exchange (#R 201), Fire Insurance Exchange (#1267-4), Truck Insurance Exchange (#1199-9), Mid-Century Insurance Company (#1428-2). 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