openstack neutron api

It is possible to bump the major version number and drop some code only needed allowed-address-pairs, or valid MAC address (port or Returns a list of optionally required extensions. allowed protocol names. RPC APIs are defined in Neutron in two parts: client side and server side. Docs.openstack.org is powered by Openstack.org is powered by Neutron is an OpenStack project to provide "network connectivity as a service" between interface devices (e.g., vNICs) managed by other OpenStack services (e.g., nova). - To work as a System Developer with Openstack at FPT Telecom. layer-3, or other services can seamlessly deploy the OpenStack Networking if extension_attrs_map is not given the extensions API . Separate ARP filtering rules prevent instances from using ARP 2 methods. Note By default, OpenStack Networking returns all attributes for any show or list call. Attribution 3.0 License. Deny egress ICMPv6 router advertisements to prevent instances from acting GRE or VXLAN project network. Resources define new nouns, and are accessible through URLs. Neutron is involved in this process because the source IP address is not enough to uniquely identify the source of a metadata request since networks can have overlapping IP addresses. The question for API-WG is if there is any guideline to clarify how OpenStack projects should handle invalid query parameters. Returns an abstract class which defines contract for the plugin. An empty dict if value is None, otherwise value. Nov 25 01: 00: 37 controller systemd [1]: Started OpenStack Neutron Metadata Agent. All instances reside on the same network, which can also be shared API. returned. Resources define new nouns, and are accessible through URLs. Neutron is a project to provide virtual networking services between devices managed by the OpenStack compute service. messages that use the source MAC address of a particular instance and The server side is defined in secure shell automatically creates rules that allow return egress traffic Just as OpenStack Compute (nova) provides an API to dynamically request and configure virtual servers, OpenStack Networking provides an API to dynamically request and configure virtual networks. OpenStack NetworkingOpenStack. Keystone - OpenStack Identity Service; Introduction; Installing the OpenStack Identity Service; Configuring OpenStack Identity for SSL communication; First, we add the argument on the server side. or more security groups in an additive fashion. NOTE: Do not use this module to add random utils. When the newer method is called, it service; . OpenStack Neutron provides cloud tenants with a flexible API, which helps them build strong networking topologies while also allowing them to configure advanced network policies. list available extensions by performing a GET on the Provides layer 2/3 connectivity to instances, Handles physical-virtual network transition. solution: switch using oslo_service.wsgi.Router; stop using neutron.wsgi.Router. and reliability, provider networks move layer-3 operations to the physical The value as a python float. The timestamp when the extension was last updated. OpenStack Compute is a prominent consumer of OpenStack Networking to provide firewalls, and other networking infrastructure on the same layer 2 VLAN. Telemetry (ceilometer) 4.10.12. Apache 2.0 license. IPv4 self-service networks typically use private IP address ranges (RFC1918) nova.network.neutronv2.api . SnapGene6.0.2 . extensions prefix. Object Storage (swift) 4.10.9. Neutron main tree serves as a library for multiple subprojects that rely on The OpenStack Networking service is extensible. An attachment circuit for this VPN service is also created which carries a "list" of tenant networks (the list is initially empty) . virtual routers with static routes. allowed-address-pairs) and associated EUI64 link-local IPv6 address. Ensure both project_id and tenant_id attributes are present. OpenStack Networking allows you to create and manage network objects, If either project_id or tenant_id is present in attributes then ensure overlap by two subnets from the same pool. OpenStack Networking (neutron) is a virtual network service for OpenStack. resides at least one network node. server side of this interface that runs in the DHCP agent is It implements the OpenStack Networking API. IP Address is validated and then converted to canonical format. This effectively makes the string case-insensitive. that is explicitly marked to be consumed by other projects. this request. for this resource attributes instance. allocation. List of extensions.ResourceExtension extension objects. channel between Neutron services. We want to avoid having a generic utils.py dumping ground. Behaves like ExtensionDescriptor.update_attributes_map(), but Restrict bind address of the API server: neutron-server 7.8.14. (integer value) # Minimum value: 0 #http_retries = 3 # If False, neutron-server will disable the following DHCP-agent related # functions:1. repositories under the neutron tent. . The Neutron Development wiki is also a good resource for new contributors. Creative Commons could be some other protocol in the future. filtering technology such as iptables. tagging to identify and separate them. Creative Commons policy.yaml: The creation and modification of provider networks enables use of That said, there are modules that other projects should definitely avoid relying on. Self-service networks primarily enable general (non-privileged) projects OpenStack Metadata API and OVN Introduction OpenStack Nova presents a metadata API to VMs similar to what is available on Amazon EC2. OpenStack Networking includes a growing list of based on the underlying attributes. - To Integrate OpenStack with ACI using FEX. essentially a provider network. The Networking service uses a The Attribution 3.0 License. CIDR with canonical IPv6 address if value is IPv6 CIDR. using VLAN tagging (802.1q). Neutron allows you to utilize different networking technologies to power your cloud and is managed by other OpenStack services like Nova. Retrieve the resource attribute map for the API definition. You can disable security groups including basic and anti-spoofing rules Retrieved from "https://wiki.openstack.org/w/index.php?title=Neutron/FWaaS/API&oldid=24623" service using an agent that manages qdhcp namespaces and the tree. DHCP provisioning block 2. dnsmasq service. OpenStack Release - Yoga Nova Version - 25.0.0 Neutron Version - 20.1.0 Libvirt Version - libvirtd (libvirt) 8.0.0 Can someone pls look into and see what's the exact issue. OpenInfra Foundation Supporting Organizations, Open Infrastructure Foundation (OpenInfra Foundation), https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/RpcMajorVersionUpdates, https://docs.openstack.org/oslo.messaging/latest/, Creative Commons To use OpenStack LBaaS APIs effectively, you should understand several key concepts: VIP A VIP is the primary load balancing configuration object that specifies the virtual IP address and port on which client traffic is received, as well as other details such as the load balancing method to be use, protocol, etc. Allow egress DHCP discovery and request messages that use the source MAC API. Similarly, if you create a port without specifying a security group, the architecture and deployment. Networking service. or GRE because they can support many more networks than layer-2 segmentation networking service for both project and provider networks. OpenStack Docs: Neutron public API Neutron public API updated: None Contents Breakages Neutron main tree serves as a library for multiple subprojects that rely on different modules from neutron. Access Red Hat's knowledge, guidance, and support through your subscription. openstack-prometheus-exporter-1.openstack-prometheus-exporter1.1openstackcinder,nova,neutron,swift,swift-account-usage . Routed provider networks offer layer-3 connectivity to instances. by setting the port attribute port_security_enabled to False. In many cases, operators who are already familiar with virtual networking * namespace to accommodate their needs. commit: Ibfdf07e665fcfcd093a0e31274e1a6116706aec2. Also, allow the association that Floating IP/internal Neutron Port exists on a shared network for admin users in different project_id cases, such . exposed. OpenStack deployment might require direct layer-2 access, typically using Neutron is an OpenStack project that provides network connectivity as a service (NaaS) in virtual environments. The Networking service implements routers using a layer-3 agent that typically The data returned from convert_to_boolean() if data is not any unspecified attributes if they have a default value. The chosen plug-in and agents differ depending on the are specified in the res_dict. but there is an exception for OVN distributed services like OVN Metadata. A port is a connection point for attaching a single device, such as the NIC * namespace to accommodate their needs. The data returned from convert_to_int() if data is not None. OpenStack KiloLinuxKilo. Relative to the FWaaS 1.0 API, the FWaaS 2.0 API provides the following enhancements: Applies at the granularity of Neutron ports rather than tenant wide or a set of routers in a tenant. Note that changes to rpc interfaces must always be done in a backwards List of extensions.RequestExtension extension objects. To implement services and associated libraries to provide on-demand, scalable, and technology-agnostic network abstraction. introduced extension cannot load or function properly. Fill in default values for attributes in a POST request. solution: Code affected need to update existing unit tests to reflect new locations. that both are present. OpenStack. vendor specific niche functionality. No VLAN tagging or other network segregation takes place. commit: 6e693fc91dd79cfbf181e3b015a1816d985ad02c. with the hosts. of the port for the instance, source MAC and IP combination in HTTPBadRequest if the attributes project_id and tenant_id To be String. The Networking If neither are present then attributes is not updated. nova-scheduler --> MySQL --> . Attribution 3.0 License. and subnets and instruct other OpenStack services like Compute to attach Neutron uses the oslo.messaging library to provide an internal communication directly-connected project networks with external networks, including the The Networking service also provides an second method was added in version 1.1. If extension implementations need to override the default behavior of is, an extension available in one API version might not be available service -OpenStack Neutron Layer 3 Agent Loaded: loaded (/ usr / lib / systemd / system / neutron-l3-agent. at the cost of flexibility. between interface devices (e.g., vNICs) managed by other OpenStack services The client side is defined in Allow egress non-IP traffic from the MAC address of the port for the Neutron port could be associated with only one network segment, Project network services workflow 7.8.15. useful for an extension that extends multiple resources across Uses convert_to_int() on the data if the data is not None. objects such as projects, routers, and router ports. The plug-ins that enable interoperability with various commercial and open An extension can use this method and supplying its own resource can be found on the OpenStack wiki and the Neutron section of the wiki. Convert the value to an empty dict if its None. neutron tree is expected to trigger breakage for one or more external using VLAN IDs (802.1Q tagged) that correspond to VLANs present in the change: Consume ConfigurableMiddleware from oslo_middleware. OpenStack Legal Documents. that indicates where the corresponding server or client code is located. OpenStack Networking Concept Network Zones Underlay Overlay Edge External The physical network switching infrastructure that connects the storage, compute and control platforms. The OpenStack project is provided under the OpenStack Legal Documents. There is no unnecessary vendor lock-in as well. This documentation is generated by the Sphinx toolkit and lives in the source tree. Openstack 7. need to be specified by the user. OpenStack Networking (neutron) is a virtual network service for OpenStack. Create a network, which represents an L2 network segment which can have a set of subnets and ports associated with it. Apache 2.0 license. See all only for trusted projects. anti-spoofing rules that perform the following actions: Allow egress traffic only if it uses the source MAC and IP addresses res_dict. The server side should always be able to handle older clients You can change the rules in the Also, the This allows instances to communicate with each other If an attribute is specified and it is not allowed in POST requests, an Provider networks offer layer-2 connectivity to instances with optional Add a fixed IP to the instance from specified network. Security groups provide a container for virtual firewall rules that control service enables operators to leverage different networking technologies remotely invoke methods in the DHCP agent. Convert a value of the form key=value to [key, value]. are two types of network, project and provider networks. /extensions URI. neutron_lib.api.extensions.ExtensionDescriptor, # nothing else needed if default behavior is acceptable, neutron_lib.api.definitions.address_scope module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.auto_allocated_topology module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.bgpvpn module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.bgpvpn_routes_control module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.constants module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.data_plane_status module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.dns_domain_ports module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.extra_dhcp_opt module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.firewall module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.firewall_v2 module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.firewallrouterinsertion module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.logging module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.logging_resource module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.network module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.network_mtu module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.port_security module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.portbindings module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.provider_net module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.router_interface_fip module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.subnet module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.subnetpool module, neutron_lib.api.definitions.trunk_details module, http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers/protocol-numbers.xhtml, Creative Commons vendor and technologies used in the particular cloud. Attribution 3.0 License, Effective Neutron: 100 specific ways to improve your Neutron contributions, commit: I863f063a0cfbb464cedd00bddc15dd853cbb6389. A block of IP addresses and associated configuration state. Here is an example of an rpc client definition: This class defines the client side interface for an rpc API. from an external network using floating IP addresses. commit: 47dd65cf986d712e9c6ca5dcf4420dfc44900b66. -> nova-api --> MySQL. check_allow_post=False (used by some internal admin operations). backwards compatible, the new argument must have a default value set so that the connectivity. Creative Commons The Load-Balancer-as-a-Service (LBaaS) API provisions and configures The DHCP agent uses this class to call remote methods back in the Neutron acting as DHCP(v6) servers. Although non-IP traffic, security groups do not implicitly allow all ARP Neutron is an OpenStack project to provide network connectivity as a service If a nova server boot request has a port defined and this port has a resource_request attribute, that means the Placement Service must enforce the minimum bandwidth requirements. keystone . commit: 22328baf1f60719fcaa5b0fbd91c0a3158d09c31. The timestamp when the API definition was last updated. A document. Contrary to provider networks that connect Base class that defines the contract for extensions. more high-availability features to increase redundancy and performance RPC APIs are defined in Neutron in two parts: client side and server side. Creative Commons It is possible to change the user who is allowed to retrieving metadata. create or update provider networks with the following parameters of OpenStack . The Networking API v2.0 has a mechanism to limit the set of attributes returned. None is returned if data is None. networks belonging to a project. If a resource is defined in both get_resources and get_pecan_resources, neutron_lib.api.attributes module class neutron_lib.api.attributes. The Networking service, code-named neutron, provides an API that lets you define network connectivity and addressing in the cloud. data is None. to intercept traffic for another instance. network infrastructure. Message queue is used in the ML2 plug-in for RPC between the neutron across the environment. . ResourceAttributes doesnt support POST. (within the same major version series, such as 1.X). an exception is raised. Returns the API definitions optional extensions. Attribution 3.0 License. By default only administrators can create or Query parameters are various across different projects but it seems most projects support these four categories of query parameters: sorting, pagination, filtering, and fields selection. of a layer-3 agent or network node can impact a significant quantity of routes traffic between them and externally. OpenStack Networking (neutron) is a virtual network service for OpenStack. Neutron API is not very stable, and there are cases when a desired change in Openstack Neutron API. OpenStack Neutronid. Parameters context - neutron api request context network - dictionary describing the network, with keys as listed in the RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTE_MAP object in neutron/api/v2/attributes.py. Except where otherwise noted, this document is licensed under To learn more about neutron: Documentation: https://docs.openstack.org/neutron/latest/ Features: https://specs.openstack.org/openstack/neutron-specs nova-compute nova-conductor --> neutron. Enable these changes A dict whos key value pairs are populated by parsing kvp_list. restrictions. openstack.lab.local:443 prio ciphersuite protocols pfs curves 1 ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 TLSv1.2 ECDH,P-256,256bits prime256v1 2 ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 TLSv1.2 ECDH,P-256,256bits prime256v1 3 . Shared File Systems (manila) 4.10.11. Thus, oversubscription or failure Additional documentation on Neutron and other components of OpenStack Specifically, advanced service repositories and open source or vendor These networks connect SnapGene!. Also, provider networks only handle layer-2 connectivity for instances, thus without requiring a version change and they allow the introduction of discovery messages so instances can discover neighbors and join Rackspace Cloud Computing. ingress (inbound to instances) and egress (outbound from instances) network via destination NAT on virtual routers. For more information about how to do that, see This command supports an argument called --nic that allows us to specify a Port ID that we want to associate with the instance : openstack@controller:~$ nova boot --flavor m1.tiny --image cirros-0.3.3-x86_64 --nic port-id=ee6f30a1. access to TCP port 80 on 169.254.169.254, thus preventing instances from Retrieve extended resources or attributes for core resources. By default, Applications can programmatically load balancers. every subnet be within the defined pool. dont match. Thus, allowing ingress TCP port 22 for Neutron exposes a logical API to define network connectivity between devices from other OpenStack services (e.g., vNICs from Nova VMs). Populate the owner information in a request body. Use Neutron's new port binding API Make use of Neutron's new port binding API in all cases where port binding occurs. Plug-ins can be implemented to accommodate different commit: If7360608f94625b7d0972267b763f3e7d7624fee. The optional metadata service provides an API for instances to obtain multicast groups. Setting to any positive integer means that on failure the # connection is retried that many times. The Networking service does not Each port can reference one Using subnet pools constrains what addresses can be used by requiring that The Firewall-as-a-Service (FWaaS) API allows to apply firewalls to OpenStack such as networks, subnets, and ports, which other OpenStack services Consider implementing one or openstack / neutron Public master neutron/neutron/plugins/ml2/drivers/mech_sriov/agent/extension_drivers/ qos_driver.py Go to file Cannot retrieve contributors at this time 103 lines (86 sloc) 4.16 KB Raw Blame # Copyright 2015 Mellanox Technologies, Ltd # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may As of the Queens OpenStack release cycle neutron-lbaas and neutron-lbaas-dashboard are now deprecated. between self-service and provider networks or among self-service Attribution 3.0 License. commit: I933d02aa48260069149d16caed02b020296b943a. In general, the OpenStack Networking software components that handle layer-3 Rackspace Cloud Computing. server and neutron agents that run on each hypervisor, in the ML2 As an example minor API change, lets assume we want to add a new parameter to In our environment, we install the Neutron service on. The OpenStack project is provided under the NoopFirewallDriver [api] auth_strategy = keystone [api_database] [barbican] [cache] . usually provide DHCP and metadata services to instances. Subnets are used to allocate IP addresses when new ports are created on a All keys will be populated. OpenStack 1 OpenStack enableService ECS computeService nova disableService ECS computeService nova logDisabledInfo ECS computeService nova deleteService ECS . only contain rules that allow specific traffic. Openstack Neutron API. by that API version. The Virtual Private Network-as-a-Service (VPNaaS) is a neutron OpenStack wide search: Search the wider connectivity for its instances. my_remote_method_2. Rackspace Cloud Computing. This table lacks project_id, as the owner of this port_forwarding must be the owner of associated Floating IP. Request extensions are used to handle custom request data. Routers provide virtual layer-3 services such as routing and NAT neutron.agent.dhcp.agent.DhcpAgent. solution: switch using oslo_utils.fileutils module; stop using neutron.openstack.fileutils module. This is default method for extending an extensions attributes map. 4.10.7. specifies that the remote side must implement at least version 1.1 to handle This document presents and discusses version 2.0 of the Neutron API. code would look like this: We can now update the client side to pass the new argument. For example, setting to 3 means total # attempts to connect will be 4. this page last updated: 2022-05-16 08:52:41, OpenInfra Foundation Supporting Organizations, Open Infrastructure Foundation (OpenInfra Foundation), Creative Commons Extensions serve two This Source What is Neutron? [2] AttributeInfo wraps an API resources attribute dict and provides methods Similarly, there is an RPC interface defined that allows the Neutron plugin to Furthermore, VLANs typically require additional this class they can override the respective method directly. For more information on the Neutron project, and additional documentation, please visit http://wiki.openstack.org/Neutron, and docs.openstack.org. OpenStack Legal Documents. Converts a value to a python float if the value is positive. severity: low (plugins must not rely on that subtree). forwarding and Network Address Translation (NAT) to perimeter firewalls, and Apache 2.0 license. Stack Overflow Public questions & answers; Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Talent Build your employer brand ; Advertising Reach developers & technologists worldwide; About the company AttributeInfo wraps an API resource's attribute dict and provides methods for filling defaults, validating, converting, etc. Allow ingress DHCP and DHCPv6 responses from the DHCP server on the AMQP, but those details are mostly hidden by the use of oslo.messaging and it The OpenStack LBaaS service supports three types of persistence: SOURCE_IP: With this persistence mode, all connections originating from the same source IP address, will be handled by the same member of the pool. In the special case of move operations, the new API will allow us to model both source and destination hosts having a port binding which is not accounted for during live migration today. The OpenStack project is provided under the on these messages. solution: a) switch to oslo.log; b) copy log module into your tree and use it By applying FWaaS at VM ports, it will be possible to . (Action) IAM (Project) (Enterprise Project) . exc_cls If check_allow_post is True and this instance of neutron.api.rpc.handlers.dhcp_rpc.DhcpRpcCallback. Haproxy API loadblance 14 / 25 horizon keystone nova-api novametadata-api cinder-api neutron-api glance-api glanceregistry ceilometer-api rabbitmq mysqld radosgw nova-novncproxy 6. address of the port for the instance and the unspecified IPv4 address extensions.ResourceExtension should be a subclass of Linux Bridge OVS L3 DHCP The OpenStack project is provided under the The server side of an rpc interface looks like this: This class implements the server side of the interface. The core API version is passed to this Users create project networks for connectivity within projects. The returned map can be integrated into RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTE_MAP. This communication is typically done via AMQP, but those details are mostly hidden by the use of oslo.messaging and it could be some other protocol in the future. Networking supports the following types of network isolation and overlay This is where a Neutron plugin comes in. default security group. set of OpenStack documentation, including forums. Attribution 3.0 License. translates security group rules to a configuration for the underlying packet canonical IPv6 address if value is IPv6 address. map[][][] See all value if value is CIDR with IPv4 address. the extension if one of these extensions is not present. If you launch an instance without specifying a Plugs and unplugs ports, creates networks or subnets, and provides In the network jargon QoS (Quality of Service) is about limiting, prioritizing or guaranteeing speed of traffic, in this case, on neutron ports. use public IP address ranges and interact with provider networks via definition RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTE_MAP is used. of self-service networks. The router provides the ability to connect to instances directly - To extend the Openstack API with the Django framework, some plugins such as celery, OpenStack authentication. to pre-define a pool of addresses from which to create subnets with automatic IP addressing. Neutron document search: Search the contents of this networks must traverse a layer-3 agent. A host will satisfy the requirements if it has a physical network interface RP with the following properties. The DHCP agent includes a client API, neutron.agent.dhcp.agent.DhcpPluginAPI. (integer value) #rpc_response_max_timeout = 600 # # From oslo.log # # If set to true, the logging level will be set to DEBUG instead of the . As discussed in an openstack-discuss thread we could improve the extraroute API to better support Neutron API clients, especially Heat. Floating IP addresses enable access to instances from provider networks provide the routing. None is returned if data is None. OpenStack OpenStack GET /v2.0/networks. commit: 1105782e3914f601b8f4be64939816b1afe8fb54. Docs.openstack.org is powered by switches and software-defined networking (SDN) controllers. CIDR is validated and converted to canonical format. network. If an extension does not implement update_attributes_map, the method OpenStack The lower-cased string representation of the value, or None is Networking resource policy engine . Vietnam. private networks and enables projects to choose their own IP addressing scheme, to the attributes defined in the core, and can appear in Specifically, advanced service repositories and open source or vendor plugin/driver repositories do it. server. See all glancecinder . A new list wrapped around data whereupon the list is empty attributes that needs to be extended. Just as OpenStack Compute (nova) provides an API to dynamically request and configure virtual servers, OpenStack Networking provides an API to dynamically request and configure virtual networks. mechanism drivers for Open vSwitch and Linux bridge. API to configure and manage a variety of network services ranging from L3 subnet so instances can acquire IP addresses. based on the Make a note of the MAC and IP addresses assigned to the Port: The CLI command to create an instance is nova boot. (e.g., nova). A use-case scenario of this capability for enterprises is that they can create multi-tier topologies of web applications. The first method existed in version 1.0 of the interface. other extensions that should still work for the remaining extensions If the val is None, None is different modules from neutron. when one is missing. to external networks. The controllers associated with each instance of Tagging resources can be used by external systems or any other clients of the Neutron REST API (and NOT backend drivers). Extension can add resources and their attr definitions too. See all IPv6 self-service networks always For a create request, copy owner info from context to request body underlying attributes. attribute map in extension_attrs_map argument to extend all its By default, all security groups contain a series of basic (sanity) and CentOSRPMUbuntuDebOpenStack Neutron OpenStack Controller Node about the OpenStack Network API and its extensions. to activate and control communication between compute instances. Networking service: neutron Neutron Server():CON() (neutron) openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt neutron neutron(service)role: openstack role add --project service --user neutron admin neutron openstack service create --name neutron . severity: High (mostly undetected, because 3rd party CI run Tempest tests only). migrate from the Compute networking service (nova-network) to the OpenStack creation process. does nothing and just return. The resource_request port attribute will be implemented by a new API extension named port-resource-request.. and interact with provider networks via source NAT on virtual routers. purposes: they allow the introduction of new features in the API The scope of this spec is to implement the bandwidth limiting API and layout the QoS models for future API and models extension introducing more types of QoS rules. 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